Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Cn, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
Bioenergy Research Group, EBRI, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
Waste Manag. 2022 Jul 1;148:106-116. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.023. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
Several studies have addressed the potential biorefinery, through small-scale pyrolysis, of coffee silverskin (CSS), grape pomace (GP) and olive mill waste (OMW), which are respectively the main solid residues from coffee roasting, wine making and olive oil production processes. However, increasing the scale of reactor to bring these studies to an industrial level may affect the properties, and hence applications, of the resulting products. The aim of this study is therefore to perform pilot scale experiments to compare and verify the results of analytical study (TGA) and bench scale reactor runs, in order to understand the fundamental differences and create correlations between pyrolysis runs at different scales. To this end, pyrolysis liquids and biochars from the slow pyrolysis of CSS, GP and OMW, performed using different scale auger reactors (15 kg/h and 0.3 kg/h), have been analysed (TGA, pH, density, proximate and ultimate analyses, HHV, FTIR, GCMS) and compared. The results showed no major differences in biochars when the temperature and the solid residence time were fixed. However, regarding pyrolysis liquids, compounds from the lab reactor were more degraded than pilot plant ones, due to, in this case, the vapour residence time was longer. Regarding the properties of the pyrolysis products, GP 400 °C biochars showed the best properties for combustion; CSS biochars were especially rich in nitrogen, and 400 °C GP and OMW pyrolysis liquids showed the highest number of phenolics. Hence, this study is considered a first step towards industrial scale CSS, GP and OMW pyrolysis-based biorefinery.
已有多项研究针对咖啡果皮（CSS）、葡萄渣（GP）和橄榄渣（OMW）的小规模热解，以实现潜在的生物精炼，这三种物质分别是咖啡烘焙、酿酒和橄榄油生产过程中的主要固体残留物。然而，增加反应堆的规模将这些研究推向工业水平可能会影响产物的特性，从而影响其应用。因此，本研究旨在进行中试规模实验，以比较和验证分析研究（TGA）和台架规模反应器运行的结果，以便了解不同规模热解运行之间的基本差异并建立相关性。为此，使用不同规模的螺旋反应器（15kg/h 和 0.3kg/h）对 CSS、GP 和 OMW 的慢速热解液体和生物炭进行了分析（TGA、pH 值、密度、工业分析、元素分析、高位发热量、FTIR、GCMS）并进行了比较。结果表明，当温度和固体停留时间固定时，生物炭之间没有明显差异。然而，对于热解液体，实验室反应器中的化合物比中试工厂中的化合物降解更多，这是因为在这种情况下，蒸汽停留时间更长。就热解产物的性质而言，400°C 的 GP 生物炭在燃烧方面表现出最佳性能；CSS 生物炭特别富含氮，而 400°C 的 GP 和 OMW 热解液体则表现出最高数量的酚类化合物。因此，这项研究被认为是迈向工业规模 CSS、GP 和 OMW 热解生物精炼的第一步。
