Basit Abdul, Waris Nazish, Fawwad Asher, Tahir Bilal, Siddiqui Iftikhar Ahmed
Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Research Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; Clinical Biochemistry and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022 Jun;16(6):102535. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102535. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
To observe the glycemic status among individuals with undiagnosed diabetes in urban and rural areas of all four provinces of Pakistan.
The findings of this study are obtained from the second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016-2017, a nationwide epidemiological survey. Out of 12,486 individuals approached, 10,834 participants agreed to be included in the second NDSP. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to assess undiagnosed diabetes individuals according to World Health Organization criteria.
The overall weighted prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 7.1% (2.4% in urban and 4.7% in rural areas). Based on isolated fasting plasma glucose or 2-h post 75 gm glucose load or combining both, the weighted prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 43.5%, 17.6%, and 38.9%, respectively. Out of the 43.5% of individuals, 15.3% had fasting plasma glucose higher than 250 mg/dl at the time of presentation. Among all the individuals, 23.7% were found to be of less than 40 years of age, 29.2% had a positive family history of diabetes, 80.8% were abdominal obese, 53.8% were hypertensive, and 98% were dyslipidemic. In comparison to the elder group, poor glycemic control of ≥10% HbA1c was observed in most of the younger age groups (p < 0.05).
A significant number of people remain undiagnosed in this part of the world. The glycemic status along with the other associated risk factors at the time of presentation is alarming. Thus, for the early detection of diabetes, awareness and education in the community are crucial. Hence, long-term complications of diabetes can be prevented.
观察巴基斯坦四个省份城乡未确诊糖尿病个体的血糖状况。
本研究结果来自2016 - 2017年巴基斯坦第二次全国糖尿病调查（NDSP），这是一项全国性的流行病学调查。在接触的12486人中，10834名参与者同意纳入第二次NDSP。根据世界卫生组织标准，采用口服葡萄糖耐量试验评估未确诊糖尿病个体。
未确诊糖尿病的总体加权患病率为7.1%（城市为2.4%，农村为4.7%）。基于单纯空腹血糖、75克葡萄糖负荷后2小时血糖或两者结合，未确诊糖尿病的加权患病率分别为43.5%、17.6%和38.9%。在43.5%的个体中，15.3%在就诊时空腹血糖高于250毫克/分升。在所有个体中，23.7%年龄小于40岁，29.2%有糖尿病家族史阳性，80.8%为腹型肥胖，53.8%患有高血压，98%血脂异常。与老年组相比，大多数年轻年龄组观察到糖化血红蛋白≥10%的血糖控制不佳（p < 0.05）。
在世界的这一地区，有相当数量的人仍未被确诊。就诊时的血糖状况以及其他相关危险因素令人担忧。因此，对于糖尿病的早期检测，社区的意识和教育至关重要。从而可以预防糖尿病的长期并发症。
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