Proactive functional classification of all possible missense single-nucleotide variants in .

Clinical exome sequencing has yielded extensive disease-related missense single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of uncertain significance, leading to diagnostic uncertainty. is one of the most commonly responsible genes for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss. According to the gnomAD cohort, approximately one in 100 people harbors missense variants in (missense variants with minor allele frequency > 0.1% were excluded), but most are of unknown consequence. To prospectively characterize the function of all 4085 possible missense SNVs of human , we recorded the whole-cell currents using the patch-clamp technique and categorized 1068 missense SNVs as loss of function, as well as 728 loss-of-function SNVs located in the transmembrane domains. Further, to mimic the heterozygous condition in Deafness nonsyndromic autosomal dominant 2 (DFNA2) patients caused by variants, we coexpressed loss-of-function variants with wild-type and found 516 variants showed impaired or only partially rescued heterogeneous channel function. Overall, our functional classification is highly concordant with the auditory phenotypes in mutant mice and the assessments of pathogenicity in clinical variant interpretations. Taken together, our results provide strong functional evidence to support the pathogenicity classification of newly discovered missense variants in clinical genetic testing.