Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
J Optom. 2023 Jan-Mar;16(1):42-52. doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.06.004. Epub 2022 Jun 25.
Low birth weight (BW) is associated with increased corneal aberrations in childhood and alterations of corneal geometry in adulthood. Increased corneal aberrations may be a factor contributing to decreased visual function in former low BW newborns in later life. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyze the long-term effect of low BW on corneal aberrations in adulthood.
In the German population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) participants (age: 40-80 years) were examined with Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). The relationship between self-reported BW and the different types of corneal aberrations was analyzed using linear regression analysis as uni- and multivariable analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. The main outcome measures were corneal aberrations defined as astigmatism (Z; Z), coma (Z; Z), trefoil (Z; Z), spherical aberration (Z) and root-mean square of higher order aberrations (HOA; 3rd up to 8th order; aperture size: 6 mm).
Overall, 5,628 participants were included in this analysis (3,004 women, aged 56.0 +/- 10.3 years). In a multivariable analysis lower BW was associated with decreased horizontal trefoil (B = 0.004 [0.001; 0.006] µm/500 g; p=.008); higher spherical aberrations (B=-0.006 [-0.008;-0.003] µm/500 g; p<.001), higher RMS (B=-0.028 [-0.042;-0.014] µm/500 g; p<.001), increased HOA (B=-0.007 [-0.010;-0.003] µm/500 g; p<.001) and increased LOA (B=-0.027 [-0.041;-0.013] µm/500 g; p<.001). No association was observed between birth weight and the other types of corneal aberrations in multivariable model.
Our results indicate an association between BW and spherical aberration in adults aged 40 to 80 years. This indicates that low BW may have an association with an altered corneal shape development which may affect optical image quality and, hence, visual function.
低出生体重（BW）与儿童期角膜像差增加和成年期角膜几何形状改变有关。增加的角膜像差可能是导致前低 BW 新生儿在以后生活中视力下降的一个因素。因此，本研究的目的是分析低 BW 对成年后角膜像差的长期影响。
在德国基于人群的哥廷根健康研究（Gutenberg Health Study，GHS）中，对参与者（年龄：40-80 岁）进行 Scheimpflug 成像（Pentacam HR，Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH，Wetzlar，德国）。使用线性回归分析分析了自我报告的 BW 与不同类型的角膜像差之间的关系，作为单变量和多变量分析，并对潜在的混杂因素进行了调整。主要观察指标为角膜像差，定义为散光（Z）、彗差（Z）、三叶草（Z）、球差（Z）和高阶像差均方根（3 到 8 阶；孔径大小：6mm）。
总体而言，本研究共纳入 5628 名参与者（3004 名女性，年龄 56.0±10.3 岁）。在多变量分析中，较低的 BW 与水平三叶草的减少相关（B=0.004[0.001；0.006]µm/500g；p=0.008）；较高的球差（B=-0.006[-0.008；-0.003]µm/500g；p<0.001）、较高的 RMS（B=-0.028[-0.042；-0.014]µm/500g；p<0.001）、较高的 HOA（B=-0.007[-0.010；-0.003]µm/500g；p<0.001）和较高的 LOA（B=-0.027[-0.041；-0.013]µm/500g；p<0.001）。多变量模型中，出生体重与其他类型的角膜像差之间无相关性。
我们的结果表明，BW 与 40 至 80 岁成年人的球差之间存在关联。这表明低 BW 可能与角膜形状发育异常有关，这可能会影响光学成像质量，从而影响视觉功能。
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