Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Fungi From and Bioactive Metabolites From sp. AC1.

Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants are important sources of active natural products. In this study, 26 fungi were isolated from , which were belonging to eight genera, namely, , , , , , , , and . The antimicrobial activities of all fungal extracts were tested by using the cup-plate method against , , and . The results demonstrated that 25 extracts (96%) exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one of the tested pathogenic microorganisms. The strain sp. AC1, which showed good antimicrobial activity and high yield of crude extract from fermentation, was selected for the study of secondary metabolites. The crude extract of strain AC1 was purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and HPLC, and finally, a new compound phomopsolide G (), together with three known phomopsolides (-) and four other known compounds (-), was obtained. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by NMR and/or HR-MS spectroscopy. Microdilution method and MTT colorimetry were used to determine the bioactivity of the compounds. The study demonstrated that the new compound had moderate antifungal activity against , , and and weak antibacterial activity against Compound also showed weak cytotoxicity against HepG2, A549, and MDA-MB-231, with IC values of 89.91, 107.65, and 53.97 μM. Additionally, other compounds also exhibited antimicrobial and/or cytotoxic activities. The findings provided the basis for searching drug and agricultural lead compounds from -associated fungi resources.