Sobel David M, Stricker Laura W, Weisberg Deena Skolnick
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Watson Creative Consulting, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Child Dev. 2022 Nov;93(6):1804-1818. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13821. Epub 2022 Jul 12.
We examined 6- to 9-year-olds' (N = 60, 35 girls, 34% White, 23% Hispanic, 2% Black/African American, 2% Asian/Asian American, 22% Mixed Ethnicity/Race, 17% Unavailable, collected April-September 2019 in Providence, RI, USA) first-person perspectives on their exploration of museum exhibits. We coded goal setting, goal completion, and behaviors that reflected changes to how goals were accomplished. Whether children played collaboratively related to how often they revised behaviors to accomplish goals (OR = 2.14). When asked to reflect on their play, older children related talk about goals with behavioral revisions, demonstrating that children develop the ability to reflect on their goals when they watch their behaviors change (OR = 1.23). We discuss how these results inform the development of metacognitive reflection on learning through exploration.
我们研究了6至9岁儿童(N = 60,35名女孩,34%为白人,23%为西班牙裔,2%为黑人/非裔美国人,2%为亚裔/亚裔美国人,22%为混合族裔/种族,17%信息不详,于2019年4月至9月在美国罗德岛州普罗维登斯收集)对博物馆展品探索的第一人称视角。我们对目标设定、目标完成情况以及反映目标实现方式变化的行为进行了编码。儿童是否合作玩耍与他们为实现目标而修改行为的频率相关(优势比=2.14)。当被要求反思他们的玩耍时,年龄较大的儿童将关于目标的讨论与行为修改联系起来,表明儿童在观察到自己行为发生变化时,会发展出反思目标的能力(优势比=1.23)。我们讨论了这些结果如何为通过探索进行学习的元认知反思的发展提供信息。