Eskova Alena I, Andryukov Boris G, Yakovlev Anatoli A, Kim Alexandra V, Ponomareva Anna L, Obuhova Vera S
Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
BioTech (Basel). 2022 May 24;11(2):17. doi: 10.3390/biotech11020017.
Environmental problems associated with marine pollution and climate warming create favorable conditions for the penetration and survival of pathogenic bacteria in marine ecosystems. These microorganisms have interspecific competitive interactions with marine bacteria. Co-culture, as an important research strategy that mimics the natural environment of bacteria, can activate silent genes or clusters through interspecies interactions. The authors used modern biotechnology of co-cultivation to dynamically study intercellular interactions between different taxa of bacteria-pathogenic enterobacteria and and saprotrophic marine bacteria sp. and isolated in summer from the coastal waters of the recreational areas of the Sea of Japan. The results of the experiments showed that during the formation of polycultural biofilms, horizontal transfer of genes encoding some pathogenicity factors from and to marine saprotrophic bacteria with different secretion systems is possible. It was previously thought that this was largely prevented by the type VI secretion system (T6SS) found in marine saprotrophic bacteria. The authors showed for the first time the ability of marine bacteria sp. and to biofilm formation with pathogenic enterobacteria and , saprophytic bacteria with type III secretion system (T3SS). For the first time, a marine saprotrophic strain of sp. Revealed manifestations of hyaluronidase, proteolytic and hemolytic activity after cultivation in a polycultural biofilm with listeria. Saprotrophic marine bacteria that have acquired virulence factors from pathogenic enterobacteria, including antibiotic resistance genes, could potentially play a role in altering the biological properties of other members of the marine microbial community. In addition, given the possible interdomain nature of intercellular gene translocation, acquired virulence factors can be transferred to marine unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. The results obtained contribute to the paradigm of the epidemiological significance and potential danger of anthropogenic pollution of marine ecosystems, which creates serious problems for public health and the development of marine culture as an important area of economic activity in coastal regions.
与海洋污染和气候变暖相关的环境问题为致病细菌在海洋生态系统中的侵入和存活创造了有利条件。这些微生物与海洋细菌存在种间竞争相互作用。共培养作为一种模拟细菌自然环境的重要研究策略，可通过种间相互作用激活沉默基因或基因簇。作者利用共培养的现代生物技术动态研究了不同分类群的细菌——致病性肠道杆菌与从日本海休闲区沿海水域夏季分离出的腐养性海洋细菌之间的细胞间相互作用。实验结果表明，在多培养生物膜形成过程中，编码某些致病因子的基因有可能从[未提及具体细菌名称1]和[未提及具体细菌名称2]水平转移至具有不同分泌系统的海洋腐养细菌。此前认为，海洋腐养细菌中发现的VI型分泌系统（T6SS）在很大程度上可防止这种情况发生。作者首次展示了海洋细菌[未提及具体细菌名称3]和[未提及具体细菌名称4]与致病性肠道杆菌[未提及具体细菌名称5]以及具有III型分泌系统（T3SS）的腐生细菌形成生物膜的能力。首次发现，一种海洋腐养性[未提及具体细菌名称6]菌株在与李斯特菌共培养生物膜中培养后，表现出透明质酸酶、蛋白水解和溶血活性。从致病性肠道杆菌获得毒力因子（包括抗生素抗性基因）的海洋腐养细菌，可能会在改变海洋微生物群落其他成员的生物学特性方面发挥作用。此外，考虑到细胞间基因易位可能具有的跨域性质，获得的毒力因子可转移至海洋单细胞和多细胞真核生物。所获得的结果有助于形成关于海洋生态系统人为污染的流行病学意义和潜在危险的范式，这给公共卫生以及作为沿海地区重要经济活动领域的海洋养殖发展带来了严重问题。
