Laboratoire MOVE (EA6314), Faculté des sciences du sport, Université de Poitiers, 8 allée Jean Monnet - TSA 31113 - 96073 Poitiers cedex 9, Poitiers, France.
School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences (EKSAP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
Geroscience. 2023 Feb;45(1):119-140. doi: 10.1007/s11357-022-00595-3. Epub 2022 Jul 26.
Aging is characterized by cognitive decline affecting daily functioning. To manage this socio-economic challenge, several non-pharmacological methods such as physical, cognitive, and combined training are proposed. Although there is an important interest in this subject, the literature is still heterogeneous. The superiority of simultaneous training compared to passive control and physical training alone seems clear but very few studies compared simultaneous training to cognitive training alone. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous exercise and cognitive training on several cognitive domains in healthy older adults, in comparison with either training alone. Thirty-five healthy older adults were randomized into one of three experimental groups: exercise training, cognitive training, and simultaneous exercise and cognitive training. The protocol involved two 30-min sessions per week for 24 weeks. Cognitive performance in several domains, pre-frontal cortex oxygenation, and baroreflex sensitivity were assessed before and after the intervention. All groups improved executive performance, including flexibility or working memory. We found a group by time interaction for inhibition cost (F = 6.44; p < 0.01) and baroreflex sensitivity during controlled breathing (F = 4.22; p = 0.01), the magnitude of improvement of each variable being associated (r = -0.39; p = 0.03). We also found a decrease in left and right pre-frontal cortex oxygenation in all groups during the trail making test B. A simultaneous exercise and cognitive training are more efficient than either training alone to improve executive function and baroreflex sensitivity. The results of this study may have important clinical repercussions by allowing to optimize the interventions designed to maintain the physical and cognitive health of older adults.
衰老是认知能力下降的特征，影响日常功能。为了应对这一社会经济挑战，提出了几种非药物方法，如身体、认知和联合训练。尽管人们对这个主题非常感兴趣，但文献仍然存在异质性。与被动对照和单独的身体训练相比，同时训练的优越性似乎很明显，但很少有研究将同时训练与单独的认知训练进行比较。这项初步研究的目的是调查健康老年人同时进行运动和认知训练对几个认知领域的影响，与单独进行一种训练相比。35 名健康老年人被随机分为三组实验：运动训练组、认知训练组和运动与认知联合训练组。方案包括每周进行两次 30 分钟的训练，共 24 周。在干预前后评估了几个认知领域的认知表现、前额叶皮层氧合和压力反射敏感性。所有组都改善了执行功能，包括灵活性或工作记忆。我们发现，抑制成本（F=6.44；p<0.01）和受控呼吸期间的压力反射敏感性（F=4.22；p=0.01）存在组间时间交互作用，每个变量的改善幅度与（r=-0.39；p=0.03）相关。我们还发现，在所有组中，在 Trail Making Test B 期间，左右前额叶皮层的氧合作用都有所下降。同时进行运动和认知训练比单独进行任何一种训练都更有效地改善执行功能和压力反射敏感性。这项研究的结果可能具有重要的临床意义，因为它可以优化旨在维持老年人身体和认知健康的干预措施。
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