Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
Cells. 2022 Jul 13;11(14):2187. doi: 10.3390/cells11142187.
The recent development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has contributed to research into various biological processes. These novel NGS technologies have revealed the involvement of epigenetic memories in trained immunity, which are responses to transient stimulation and result in better responses to secondary challenges. Not only innate system cells, such as macrophages, monocytes, and natural killer cells, but also bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been found to gain memories upon transient stimulation, leading to the enhancement of responses to secondary challenges. Various stimuli, including microbial infection, can induce the epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells and HSCs, which can result in an augmented response to secondary stimulation. In this review, we introduce novel NGS technologies and their application to unraveling epigenetic memories that are key in trained immunity and summarize the recent findings in trained immunity. We also discuss our most recent finding regarding epigenetic memory in aged HSCs, which may be associated with the exposure of HSCs to aging-related stresses.
新一代测序（NGS）技术的最新发展促进了对各种生物过程的研究。这些新型 NGS 技术揭示了表观遗传记忆在训练免疫中的作用，即对短暂刺激的反应，并导致对二次挑战的更好反应。不仅先天系统细胞，如巨噬细胞、单核细胞和自然杀伤细胞，而且骨髓造血干细胞（HSCs）也被发现会在短暂刺激下获得记忆，从而增强对二次挑战的反应。各种刺激，包括微生物感染，可以诱导先天免疫细胞和 HSCs 的表观遗传重编程，从而导致对二次刺激的反应增强。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了新型 NGS 技术及其在揭示训练免疫中关键的表观遗传记忆方面的应用，并总结了训练免疫的最新发现。我们还讨论了我们最近关于衰老 HSCs 中表观遗传记忆的发现，这可能与 HSCs 暴露于与衰老相关的应激有关。
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