Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain.
Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022 Aug 8;19(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12966-022-01335-8.
Few studies have analyzed the associations between impulsivity and dietary patterns. Some of them have shown a cross-sectional inverse relationship between impulsivity and healthy diet scores, whereas others reported a positive association with unhealthy dietary assessments. We aimed to examine longitudinal associations of impulsivity trait with adherence to healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns in older participants at high risk of cardiovascular disease over 3 years of follow-up.
A 3-year prospective cohort analysis within the PREDIMED-Plus-Cognition study conducted in 4 PREDIMED-Plus study centers was performed. The PREDIMED-Plus study aimed to test the beneficial effect of a lifestyle intervention on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The participants with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome included in the present study (n = 462; mean age of 65.3 years; 51.5% female) completed both the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (range: 0-236 points) and the 143-item Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline, 1-year and 3-years of follow-up. Ten diet scores assessing healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns were evaluated. Linear mixed models were performed adjusting by several confounders to study the longitudinal associations between impulsivity trait and adherence to dietary pattern scores over 3 years of follow-up (also assessing interactions by sex, age, and intervention group).
Impulsivity were negatively associated with adherence to the Healthy Plant-Based [β = -0.92 (95%CI -1.67, -0.16)], Mediterranean [β = -0.43 (95%CI -0.79, -0.07)], Energy-Restricted Mediterranean [β = -0.76 (95%CI -1.16, -0.37)], Alternative Healthy Eating Index [β = -0.88 (95%CI -1.52, -0.23)], Portfolio [β = -0.57 (95%CI -0.91, -0.22)], and DASH [β = -0.50 (95%CI -0.79, -0.22)] diet scores over 3 years of follow-up, whereas impulsivity was positively related with adherence to the unhealthy Western diet [β = 1.59 (95%CI 0.59, 2.58)] over time. An interaction by intervention group was found, with those participants in the intervention group with high impulsivity levels having lower adherence to several healthy dietary patterns.
Heightened impulsivity was longitudinally associated with lower adherence to healthy dietary patterns and higher adherence to the Western diet over 3 years of follow-up. Furthermore, nutritional intervention programs should consider impulsivity as a relevant factor for the intervention success.
Name of registry: Effect of an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet, physical activity and behavioral intervention on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
ISRCTN 89,898,870. Date of registration: 05/28/2014.
很少有研究分析冲动与饮食模式之间的关系。其中一些研究表明，冲动与健康饮食评分之间存在横断面的负相关关系，而其他研究则报告冲动与不健康的饮食评估之间存在正相关关系。我们旨在通过对高心血管疾病风险的老年参与者进行为期 3 年的随访，研究冲动特质与坚持健康和不健康饮食模式之间的纵向关联。
在 PREDIMED-Plus-Cognition 研究中进行了为期 3 年的前瞻性队列分析，该研究在 4 个 PREDIMED-Plus 研究中心进行。PREDIMED-Plus 研究旨在测试生活方式干预对心血管疾病一级预防的有益效果。本研究纳入了超重或肥胖且代谢综合征的参与者（n=462；平均年龄 65.3 岁；51.5%为女性），在基线、1 年和 3 年随访时完成了 UPPS-P 冲动行为量表（范围：0-236 分）和 143 项食物频率问卷。评估了 10 种评估健康和不健康饮食模式的饮食评分。通过调整多种混杂因素，采用线性混合模型研究了冲动特质与 3 年随访期间饮食模式评分的纵向关联（还评估了性别、年龄和干预组的交互作用）。
冲动与坚持健康的植物性饮食[β=-0.92（95%CI-1.67，-0.16)]、地中海饮食[β=-0.43（95%CI-0.79，-0.07)]、能量限制的地中海饮食[β=-0.76（95%CI-1.16，-0.37)]、替代健康饮食指数[β=-0.88（95%CI-1.52，-0.23)]、组合饮食[β=-0.57（95%CI-0.91，-0.22)]和 DASH 饮食[β=-0.50（95%CI-0.79，-0.22)]评分呈负相关，而冲动与坚持不健康的西方饮食[β=1.59（95%CI 0.59，2.58）]呈正相关。研究还发现了干预组之间的交互作用，即冲动水平较高的干预组参与者对几种健康饮食模式的依从性较低。
在 3 年的随访期间，冲动与坚持健康饮食模式呈负相关，与坚持西方饮食模式呈正相关。此外，营养干预计划应将冲动视为干预成功的一个相关因素。
名称：能量限制的地中海饮食、体力活动和行为干预对心血管疾病一级预防的影响。
ISRCTN8989880。注册日期：2014 年 5 月 28 日。
