Wernicke Theo, Rojo-Nieto Elisa, Paschke Albrecht, Nogueira Tavares Claudia, Brauns Mario, Jahnke Annika
Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Environ Sci Eur. 2022;34(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s12302-022-00644-w. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
Bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) along freshwater food chains is a major environmental concern as top predators in food webs are relevant for human consumption. To characterize and manage the associated risks, considerable numbers of organisms are sampled regularly for monitoring purposes. However, ethical and financial issues call for an alternative, more generic and more robust approach for assessing the internal exposure of fish that circumvents large variability in biota sampling due to interindividual differences. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) offer a fugacity-based approach for pollutant enrichment from different abiotic environmental compartments with a subsequent estimation of bioaccumulation in fish which we explored and compared to HOC concentrations in fish as determined using traditional approaches.
In this study, concentrations in silicone-based PSDs applied to the water phase and suspended particulate matter (SPM) of a river polluted with HOCs were used to estimate the concentration in model lipids at thermodynamic equilibrium with either environmental compartment. For comparison, muscle tissue of seven fish species (trophic level 1.8 to 2.8) was extracted using traditional exhaustive solvent extraction, and the lipid-normalized concentrations of HOCs were determined. The PSD-based data from SPM proved to be a more conservative estimator for HOCs accumulated in fish than those from water. Body length of the fish was found to be more suitable to describe increasing accumulation of HOCs than their trophic level as derived from stable isotope analysis and might offer a suitable alternative for future studies.
By combining fugacity-based sampling in the abiotic environment, translation into corresponding concentrations in model lipids and body length as an indicator for increasing bioaccumulation in fish, we present a suggestion for a robust approach that may be a meaningful addition to conventional monitoring methods. This approach potentially increases the efficiency of existing monitoring programs without the need to regularly sacrifice vertebrate species.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-022-00644-w.
疏水性有机化合物（HOCs）在淡水食物链中的生物累积是一个重大环境问题，因为食物网中的顶级捕食者与人类消费相关。为了表征和管理相关风险，定期采集大量生物进行监测。然而，伦理和经济问题要求采用另一种更通用、更稳健的方法来评估鱼类的体内暴露情况，这种方法能够规避由于个体差异导致的生物群采样中的巨大变异性。被动采样装置（PSDs）提供了一种基于逸度的方法，用于从不同非生物环境隔室中富集污染物，随后估计鱼类中的生物累积情况，我们对此进行了探索，并与使用传统方法测定的鱼类中HOCs浓度进行了比较。
在本研究中，应用于受HOCs污染河流的水相和悬浮颗粒物（SPM）中的硅基PSDs中的浓度，用于估计与任一环境隔室处于热力学平衡状态的模型脂质中的浓度。为作比较，使用传统的全量溶剂萃取法提取了7种鱼类（营养级1.8至2.8）的肌肉组织，并测定了HOCs的脂质标准化浓度。结果表明，基于PSD的SPM数据比基于水的PSD数据更保守地估计了鱼类中累积的HOCs。研究发现，鱼类的体长比通过稳定同位素分析得出的营养级更适合描述HOCs累积的增加情况，可能为未来研究提供合适的替代指标。
通过结合非生物环境中基于逸度的采样、转化为模型脂质中的相应浓度以及将体长作为鱼类生物累积增加的指标，我们提出了一种稳健方法的建议，这可能是对传统监测方法的有意义补充。这种方法有可能提高现有监测计划的效率，而无需定期牺牲脊椎动物物种。
在线版本包含可在10.1186/s12302-022-00644-w获取的补充材料。
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