Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Aug 29;12:945284. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.945284. eCollection 2022.
The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of salivary microbiota of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to assess longitudinal alterations in salivary microbiota before and after adenotonsillectomy.
A set of cross-sectional samples consisted of 36 OSA children (17 boys and 19 girls, 7.47 ± 2.24 years old) and 22 controls (9 boys and 13 girls, 7.55 ± 2.48 years old) were included in the study, among which eight OSA children (five boys and three girls, 8.8 ± 2.0 years old) who underwent treatment of adenotonsillectomy were followed up after 1 year. Saliva samples were collected, and microbial profiles were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis based on 16S rRNA sequencing.
In cross-sectional samples, the OSA group had higher α-diversity as estimated by Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, Pielou_e, and observed species as compared with the control group ( < 0.05). β-Diversity based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarities ( = 0.004) and Jaccard distances ( = 0.001) revealed a significant separation between the OSA group and control group. Nested cross-validated random forest classifier identified the 10 most important genera (, , , , , , , , , and ) that could differentiate OSA children from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed a significantly higher abundance of genera such as ( = 0.027), ( = 0.015), ( < 0.001), ( < 0.001), and ( < 0.001) in the OSA group, among which was further corroborated in longitudinal samples. was found to be significantly enriched in the OSA group ( = 0.02) with significantly higher levels as OSA severity increased ( = 0.014), and it had a lower abundance in the post-treatment group ( = 0.003) with a decline in each OSA child 1 year after adenotonsillectomy.
A significantly higher microbial diversity and a significant difference in microbial composition and abundance were identified in salivary microbiota of OSA children compared with controls. Meanwhile, some characteristic genera (, , , , and ) were found in OSA children, among which the relationship between spp. and OSA is worth further studies.
本研究旨在探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）患儿唾液微生物群的特征，并评估腺样体扁桃体切除术前后唾液微生物群的纵向变化。
本研究纳入了一组横断面样本，包括 36 名 OSA 患儿（17 名男孩和 19 名女孩，7.47±2.24 岁）和 22 名对照组儿童（9 名男孩和 13 名女孩，7.55±2.48 岁），其中 8 名 OSA 患儿（5 名男孩和 3 名女孩，8.8±2.0 岁）在接受腺样体扁桃体切除术治疗后进行了 1 年随访。采集唾液样本，通过基于 16S rRNA 测序的生物信息学分析进行微生物谱分析。
在横断面样本中，与对照组相比，OSA 组的 Chao1、Shannon、Simpson、Pielou_e 和观察物种等 α 多样性更高（<0.05）。基于 Bray-Curtis 不相似性（=0.004）和 Jaccard 距离（=0.001）的β多样性显示，OSA 组和对照组之间存在显著分离。嵌套交叉验证随机森林分类器确定了 10 个最重要的属（、、、、、、、、和），它们可以以 0.94 的曲线下面积（AUC）区分 OSA 患儿和对照组。线性判别分析效应量（LEfSe）分析显示，OSA 组中一些属（如、、、、和）的丰度显著升高（=0.027），其中（=0.015）、（<0.001）、（<0.001）和（<0.001），其中在纵向样本中进一步证实了。在 OSA 组中发现丰度显著增加（=0.02），随着 OSA 严重程度的增加而增加（=0.014），并且在手术后组中丰度降低（=0.003），在腺样体扁桃体切除术后 1 年，每个 OSA 患儿的水平下降。
与对照组相比，OSA 患儿唾液微生物群的微生物多样性显著增加，微生物组成和丰度存在显著差异。同时，在 OSA 患儿中发现了一些特征性属（、、、和），其中 spp.与 OSA 的关系值得进一步研究。
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