Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rheumatology Department, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022 Nov;18(11):657-669. doi: 10.1038/s41584-022-00833-0. Epub 2022 Sep 15.
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the axial skeleton, although it can affect peripheral joints, and extra-musculoskeletal manifestations also occur. Historically, axSpA was thought to be a disease predominantly seen in men, although with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging techniques and advances in research, this dogma has been challenged and refuted. Sex and gender are different concepts, and both can have a role in disease. In axSpA, consideration of the influence of sex and gender on the disease phenotype is necessary to predict outcomes and to enable the development of therapeutic approaches that are best suited to individual patients.
中轴型脊柱关节炎（axSpA）是一种慢性炎症性疾病，主要影响中轴骨骼，尽管它也会影响外周关节，并且还会出现肌肉骨骼外表现。从历史上看，axSpA 被认为主要发生在男性中，但是随着磁共振成像技术的出现和研究的进展，这种观念受到了挑战和驳斥。性别是不同的概念，两者都可能对疾病表型产生影响。在 axSpA 中，考虑性别对疾病表型的影响对于预测结局以及开发最适合个体患者的治疗方法是必要的。
