Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Environ Health Perspect. 2022 Sep;130(9):97006. doi: 10.1289/EHP10873. Epub 2022 Sep 21.
The first evidence of micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) exposure in the human placenta is emerging. However, the toxicokinetics and toxicity of MNPs in the placenta, specifically environmentally relevant particles, remain unclear.
We examined the transport, uptake, and toxicity of pristine and experimentally weathered MNPs in nonsyncytialized and syncytialized BeWo b30 choriocarcinoma cells.
We performed untargeted chemical characterization of pristine and weathered MNPs using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry to evaluate compositional differences following particle weathering. We investigated cellular internalization of pristine and weathered polystyrene (PS; ) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE; ) particles using high-resolution confocal imaging and three-dimensional rendering. We investigated the influence of particle coating with human plasma on the cellular transport of PS particles using a transwell setup and examined the influence of acute MNP exposure on cell viability, damage to the plasma membrane, and expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis.
Chemical characterization of MNPs showed a significantly higher number of unique features in pristine particles in comparison with weathered particles. Size-dependent placental uptake of pristine and weathered MNPs was observed in both placental cell types after 24 h exposure. Cellular transport was limited and size-dependent and was not influenced by particle coating with human plasma. None of the MNPs affected cell viability. Damage to the plasma membrane was observed only for PS particles in the nonsyncytialized cells at the highest concentration tested (). Modest down-regulation of hsd17b1 was observed in syncytialized cells exposed to pristine MNPs.
Our results suggest that pristine and weathered MNPs are internalized and translocated in placental cells . Effects on gene expression observed upon pristine PS and HDPE particle exposure warrant further examination. More in-depth investigations are needed to better understand the potential health risks of MNP and chemicals associated with them under environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10873.
人类胎盘内微塑料和纳米塑料（MNP）暴露的首个证据正在出现。然而，胎盘内 MNPs（特别是与环境相关的颗粒）的毒代动力学和毒性仍不清楚。
我们研究了未交联和交联的 BeWo b30 绒毛癌细胞中原始和实验风化 MNPs 的转运、摄取和毒性。
我们使用液相色谱高分辨率质谱对原始和风化 MNPs 进行非靶向化学特征分析，以评估颗粒风化后组成的差异。我们使用高分辨率共聚焦成像和三维渲染研究了原始和风化的聚苯乙烯（PS）和高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）颗粒的细胞内化。我们使用 Transwell 装置研究了 PS 颗粒表面涂覆人血浆对其细胞转运的影响，并研究了急性 MNP 暴露对细胞活力、质膜损伤以及参与类固醇生成的基因表达的影响。
MNP 的化学特征表明，与风化颗粒相比，原始颗粒中具有明显更高数量的独特特征。在 24 小时暴露后，两种胎盘细胞类型均观察到原始和风化 MNPs 的大小依赖性胎盘摄取。细胞转运受到限制且与颗粒大小有关，不受人血浆涂覆的影响。MNPs 均不影响细胞活力。仅在最高浓度测试时（），在非交联细胞中观察到 PS 颗粒对质膜的损伤。在暴露于原始 MNPs 的合胞体细胞中，观察到 hsd17b1 的适度下调。
我们的结果表明，原始和风化 MNPs 可被胎盘细胞内化和转运。在原始 PS 和 HDPE 颗粒暴露后观察到的基因表达变化需要进一步研究。需要更深入的研究来更好地了解在环境相关暴露情况下，MNP 和与其相关的化学物质的潜在健康风险。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10873.
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