Exosomes from artesunate-treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transferring to promote osteogenesis via TAF15-RUNX2 pathway.

Effect of artesunate (ART)-treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) on osteogenesis and its underlying mechanisms were investigated. Proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcified nodule formation of osteoblasts were determined. A mouse model of osteoporosis was established by ovariectomy.  was upregulated in BMSC-Exos by twofold, which was further enhanced in ART-BMSC-Exos by about twofold. ART intensified BMSC-Exos-induced proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity by about fourfold, calcified nodule formation by about threefold and upregulation of osteogenesis related molecules RUNX2 (by 50%), BMP2 (by 30%) and ATF4 (by 40%) via delivering . Mechanistically, recruited TAF15 to facilitate RUNX2 stability. ART-BMSC-Exos facilitated osteogenesis via delivering by modulating TAF15/RUNX2 axis.