Miguel Mauro, Cortez Alberto, Romero Felix, Loureiro Nuno, García-Rubio Javier, Ibáñez Sergio José
Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Sport Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Santarém, Portugal.
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 Sep 15;4:943367. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.943367. eCollection 2022.
Ensuring adequate levels of training and recovery to maximize player performance is critical; however, there are methodological challenges in designing a periodized training program for soccer teams. This study aims to describe and characterize the daily and weekly external load in an amateur soccer team and based on the weighting factors determined by the match reference, compare the external loads between playing positions. Twenty-four amateur soccer players (22.3 ± 1.7 years) were monitored using a global positioning system. Data collected comprises 19 competitive microcycles with a standard structure composed of 3 training sessions (matchday-5, matchday-3, and matchday-2) and one match. Match-reference values were calculated as the mean of the five best values recorded during official matches. The results show, on matchday-5 session, the existence of significant differences between playing positions to relative total distance covered ( = 0.050), relative sprint distance ( = 0.001), relative moderate-intensity accelerations ( < 0.001), relative high-intensity accelerations ( = 0.003), relative moderate-intensity decelerations ( < 0.001), and relative high-intensity decelerations ( = 0.017). On matchday-3 session, there are significant differences to relative very high-speed running distance ( = 0.017) and relative moderate-intensity decelerations ( = 0.014). On matchday-2 session, there are significant differences to relative high-speed running distance ( = 0.025), relative very high-speed running distance ( = 0.008), and relative moderate-intensity decelerations ( < 0.001). Weekly significant differences are observed between the playing positions to relative moderate-intensity accelerations ( = 0.002), relative high-intensity accelerations ( < 0.001), and relative moderate-intensity decelerations ( < 0.001). The weekly load is characterized by a greater weighting on accelerations and decelerations, compared to distances at very-high speed and sprint. The training loads must respect a standard training model that contemplates the individualization of the physical demands of the match, for each playing position, as for each individual.
确保足够的训练水平和恢复程度以最大化球员表现至关重要;然而,为足球队设计一个周期性训练计划存在方法上的挑战。本研究旨在描述和刻画一支业余足球队的每日和每周外部负荷,并基于比赛参考确定的加权因素,比较不同比赛位置之间的外部负荷。使用全球定位系统对24名业余足球运动员(22.3±1.7岁)进行了监测。收集的数据包括19个具有标准结构的竞技微周期,该结构由3次训练课(比赛日-5、比赛日-3和比赛日-2)和一场比赛组成。比赛参考值计算为在正式比赛中记录的五个最佳值的平均值。结果显示,在比赛日-5的训练课上,不同比赛位置在相对总距离(P = 0.050)、相对冲刺距离(P = 0.001)、相对中等强度加速(P < 0.001)、相对高强度加速(P = 0.003)、相对中等强度减速(P < 0.001)和相对高强度减速(P = 0.017)方面存在显著差异。在比赛日-3的训练课上,在相对极高速跑距离(P = 0.017)和相对中等强度减速(P = 0.014)方面存在显著差异。在比赛日-2的训练课上,在相对高速跑距离(P = 0.025)、相对极高速跑距离(P = 0.008)和相对中等强度减速(P < 0.001)方面存在显著差异。在每周方面,不同比赛位置在相对中等强度加速(P = 0.002)、相对高强度加速(P < 0.001)和相对中等强度减速(P < 0.001)方面存在显著差异。与极高速和冲刺距离相比,每周负荷的特点是在加速和减速方面的权重更大。训练负荷必须遵循一个标准训练模型,该模型考虑到比赛中每个比赛位置以及每个个体身体需求的个性化。