Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Sep 19;2022:7838583. doi: 10.1155/2022/7838583. eCollection 2022.
The permeability of glioblastoma, as well as its escaping the immune system, makes them one of the most deadly human malignancies. By avoiding programmed cell death (apoptosis), unlimited cell growth and metastatic ability could dramatically affect the immune system. Genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and overexpression of oncogenes can cause this process. On the other hand, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and intratumor heterogeneity are important factors causing resistance to therapy. Several signaling pathways have been identified in this field, including the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) converter and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activator pathways, which are closely related. In addition, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway contributes to a wide array of tumorigenesis functions, including replication, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immune suppression. Introducing this pathway as the main tumorigenesis and treatment resistance center can give a better understanding of how it operates. In light of this, it is an important goal in treating many disorders, particularly cancer. The inhibition of this signaling pathway is being considered an approach to the treatment of glioblastoma. The use of natural products alternatively to conventional therapies is another area of research interest among researchers. Some natural products that originate from plants or natural sources can interfere with JAK/STAT signaling in human malignant cells, also by stopping the progression and phosphorylation of JAK/STAT, inducing apoptosis, and stopping the cell cycle. Natural products are a viable alternative to conventional chemotherapy because of their cost-effectiveness, wide availability, and almost no side effects.
脑胶质瘤的通透性及其逃避免疫系统的能力,使它们成为人类最致命的恶性肿瘤之一。通过避免程序性细胞死亡(细胞凋亡),无限的细胞生长和转移能力可能会对免疫系统产生重大影响。遗传突变、表观遗传变化和癌基因的过度表达可能导致这种情况发生。另一方面,血脑屏障(BBB)和肿瘤内异质性是导致治疗耐药的重要因素。在这个领域已经确定了几种信号通路,包括 Janus 酪氨酸激酶(JAK)转换器和信号转导和转录激活因子(STAT)激活剂途径,它们密切相关。此外,JAK/STAT 信号通路有助于广泛的肿瘤发生功能,包括复制、抗凋亡、血管生成和免疫抑制。将该途径引入作为主要的肿瘤发生和治疗耐药中心,可以更好地了解其运作方式。有鉴于此,抑制这种信号通路是治疗许多疾病(尤其是癌症)的一个重要目标。抑制该信号通路被认为是治疗脑胶质瘤的一种方法。利用天然产物替代传统疗法是研究人员另一个感兴趣的研究领域。一些源自植物或天然来源的天然产物可以干扰人类恶性细胞中的 JAK/STAT 信号,也可以通过阻止 JAK/STAT 的进展和磷酸化、诱导细胞凋亡和阻止细胞周期来实现。由于天然产物具有成本效益高、广泛可用性和几乎没有副作用,因此是传统化疗的可行替代品。