Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; email:
Annu Rev Physiol. 2023 Feb 10;85:269-291. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-012422-112116. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
Myostatin (GDF-8) was discovered 25 years ago as a new transforming growth factor-β family member that acts as a master regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Myostatin is made by skeletal myofibers, circulates in the blood, and acts back on myofibers to limit growth. Myostatin appears to have all of the salient properties of a chalone, which is a term proposed over a half century ago to describe hypothetical circulating, tissue-specific growth inhibitors that control tissue size. The elucidation of the molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms underlying myostatin activity suggests that myostatin functions as a negative feedback regulator of muscle mass and raises the question as to whether this type of chalone mechanism is unique to skeletal muscle or whether it also operates in other tissues.
肌肉生长抑制素（GDF-8）是 25 年前发现的一种新的转化生长因子-β家族成员，作为骨骼肌质量的主要调节因子。肌肉生长抑制素由骨骼肌肌纤维产生，在血液中循环，并作用于肌纤维以限制生长。肌肉生长抑制素似乎具有作为阻滞物的所有显著特性，阻滞物是半个多世纪前提出的一个术语，用于描述假设的循环、组织特异性生长抑制剂，它们控制组织大小。阐明肌肉生长抑制素活性的分子、细胞和生理机制表明，肌肉生长抑制素作为肌肉质量的负反馈调节剂发挥作用，并提出了这样一个问题，即这种阻滞物机制是否仅存在于骨骼肌中，还是也存在于其他组织中。
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