加纳老年人功能障碍特征：全球老龄化和成人健康研究（SAGE）第二波的多层次分析。
Characterization of functional disability among older adults in Ghana: A multi-level analysis of the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) Wave II.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2022 Nov 3;17(11):e0277125. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277125. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Functional disability is a common public health problem that affects the health and quality of life of older adults. This causes them to be highly dependent on other members of their family, receive home care, or to be institutionalized. Although functional disability has been widely studied in developed country settings, very limited studies have focused on age-related functional disability in sub-Saharan Africa, and in particular Ghana. The purpose of this study is to assess various factors associated with the difficulties in performing basic and instrumental activities of daily living among older adults in Ghana.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study used data on 1610 older adults aged 50 years and above from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey Wave II conducted in Ghana. Nine standard functioning difficulty tools of WHODAS II was used for the analysis. The WHODAS II offers continuous summary scores with higher scores showing higher disability, and vice versa. A multi-level regression model was used to identify individual and household level risk factors linked to the functional disability of older adults.
RESULTS
Female older adults (53.7%) reported having functional disability. The mean functional disability among older adults aged 50 years and above was 5.2 (± 5.9). Results indicated that older adults who are females, aged 70 years and above, and had three or more chronic conditions had a higher functional disability. Also, older adults who have adequate fruit intake and belong to wealthier households were found to have a lower functional disability.
CONCLUSIONS
The study reveals that functional disability among older adults is frequent in Ghana and is associated with having three or more chronic conditions and being overweight/obese. Prevention of functional disability in old age in Ghana is therefore a matter of great social and economic concern, which calls for coordinate efforts across the board to mitigate this public health challenge.
背景
功能障碍是一个常见的公共卫生问题，影响老年人的健康和生活质量。这导致他们高度依赖家庭其他成员，接受家庭护理，或被收容入院。尽管功能障碍在发达国家已经得到广泛研究，但在撒哈拉以南非洲，特别是在加纳，与年龄相关的功能障碍的研究非常有限。本研究旨在评估与加纳老年人日常生活基本活动和工具性活动困难相关的各种因素。
方法
本横断面研究使用了加纳进行的全球老龄化和成人健康研究（SAGE）调查第二波中 1610 名 50 岁及以上老年人的数据。WHODAS II 九种标准功能障碍工具用于分析。WHODAS II 提供连续的综合评分，分数越高表示残疾程度越高，反之亦然。采用多水平回归模型来确定与老年人功能障碍相关的个体和家庭层面的风险因素。
结果
女性老年人（53.7%）报告存在功能障碍。50 岁及以上老年人的平均功能障碍为 5.2（±5.9）。结果表明，女性、70 岁及以上、有三种或更多慢性病的老年人功能障碍程度更高。此外，水果摄入充足且属于较富裕家庭的老年人功能障碍程度较低。
结论
本研究表明，加纳老年人功能障碍较为常见，与患有三种或更多慢性病和超重/肥胖有关。因此，预防加纳老年人功能障碍是一个重大的社会和经济问题，需要各方共同努力来缓解这一公共卫生挑战。
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