COMPLICATIONS OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN.

OBJECTIVE

The aim: Study was conducted to determine NS-related complications and drug-related complications.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: A descriptive analytics cross section (case series study) was carried out in 109 children with NS diagnosed and followed up in the nephrology con¬sultation clinic at Child Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Medical City.

RESULTS

Results: Most children have primary NS 88% and 12% Secondary NS. Nephrotic syndrome related complication: higher rate of infections and hypertension complications 76% and 48.6% respectively recorded in children with NS. 60.3% of infections in children with Frequent relapses and 25% in SSNS with statistically significant (p value0.018). Children with NS; have higher rate of UTI and Pneumonia.64% of Hypertension recorded in children with frequent relapses while 13.2% identified in children with secondary NS, with statistically non-significant (p value 0.063) 24% and 9% of patients have AKI &CKD respectively. Drug related complication: Children used steroid; have 34.5% Cushing face,30%gastritis,6.5% cataract,19.7% obesity and22.4% short stature. Children used cyclosporine; have33% hirsutism,9.5% nephrotoxicity and4.7% gingival hyperplasia, 27% vomiting, 22% alopecia and 11%Bone marrow suppression side effect with Cyclophosphamide. Patient used mycophenolate drugs, have 15.5% GIT problem and 7.7% BM suppression.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: NS is a chronic disease with a lot of complications like infections, AKI &CKD and hypertension complications. UTI and pneumonia are most common infection encountered in our patients. Many of the complications of children with NS can be attributed to immunosuppressant therapy.