对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的看法：赞比亚社区成员和卫生工作者的定性研究。
Perspectives on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a qualitative study of community members and health workers in Zambia.
机构信息
School of Public Health, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
School of Public Health, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2022 Nov 23;12(11):e058028. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058028.
OBJECTIVE
Since introduction of the programme in April 2021, COVID-19 vaccine uptake has been low at less than 20%. This study explored community members' and health workers' perspectives on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its influencing factors in Zambia.
STUDY DESIGN
A qualitative study employing focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs).
STUDY SETTING
Sixteen primary healthcare facilities selected from Lusaka, Copperbelt, Central and Southern provinces.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 32 FGDs comprising local community members and 30 IDIs including health workers, traditional, religious and civic leaders (n=272). FGDs were separated based on age (youth and adults), sex (male and female) and place of residence (urban and rural).
RESULTS
Both FGD and IDI participants agreed that vaccine uptake was low. Limited knowledge, access to information, myths and misconceptions, negative attitude, low-risk perception and supply in remote areas affected vaccine uptake. Overall, FGD participants expressed limited knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine compared with health workers. Further, FGD participants from urban sites were more aware about the vaccine than those from rural areas. Health workers perceived the vaccine to be beneficial; the benefits included prevention of infection and limiting the severity of the disease. Moreover, FGD participants from urban sites expressed a negative attitude towards the vaccine. They believed the vaccine conferred no benefits. By contrast, participants from rural communities had mixed views; they needed more information about the vaccine benefits. Participants' attitude seems to have been influenced by personal or family experience with the COVID-19 disease or vaccination; those who had experienced the disease had a more positive attitude. In contrast, most young people believed they were not at risk of the COVID-19 disease. Misinformation from social media influenced their attitude.
CONCLUSION
These results provide starting points for future policies and interventions for increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
目的
自 2021 年 4 月推出该计划以来，新冠疫苗接种率不到 20%。本研究探讨了赞比亚社区成员和卫生工作者对新冠疫苗接种及其影响因素的看法。
研究设计
采用焦点小组讨论（FGD）和深入访谈（IDI）的定性研究。
研究地点
从卢萨卡、铜带省、中部和南部省选择了 16 个初级保健设施。
参与者
共有 32 个 FGD，包括当地社区成员，以及包括卫生工作者、传统、宗教和公民领袖在内的 30 个 IDI（n=272）。FGD 根据年龄（青年和成人）、性别（男性和女性）和居住地（城市和农村）进行了分离。
结果
FGD 和 IDI 参与者均认为接种率较低。有限的知识、获取信息的途径、谣言和误解、消极态度、低风险认知以及偏远地区的供应都影响了疫苗接种。总的来说，与卫生工作者相比，FGD 参与者对新冠疫苗的了解有限。此外，来自城市地区的 FGD 参与者比来自农村地区的参与者对疫苗的认识更为深入。卫生工作者认为疫苗是有益的；其益处包括预防感染和限制疾病的严重程度。此外，来自城市地区的 FGD 参与者对疫苗持消极态度。他们认为疫苗没有带来任何好处。相比之下，来自农村社区的参与者对疫苗持混合看法；他们需要更多关于疫苗益处的信息。参与者的态度似乎受到个人或家庭感染新冠病毒或接种疫苗的经历的影响；那些经历过该疾病的人持更积极的态度。相比之下，大多数年轻人认为他们没有感染新冠病毒的风险。来自社交媒体的错误信息影响了他们的态度。
结论
这些结果为未来提高新冠疫苗接种率的政策和干预措施提供了起点。
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