Nutrition School, Federal University of Bahia-Augusto Viana, s/n-Palácio da Reitoria, Canela, Salvador 40110-907, BA, Brazil.
Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia-Rua Rui Barbosa, 710-Centro, Cruz das Almas 44574-490, BA, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2022 Nov 30;14(23):5090. doi: 10.3390/nu14235090.
The present systematic scope review intended to compile state-of-the-art information about the food environment around schools, exploring the main methods used to describe the food environment around schools as well as the possible effects that this environment can promote on the health of children and adolescents. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses-extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and guidelines were followed to ensure a robust and repeatable methodological process. A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus, as well as in related articles, a manual search of reference lists and gray literature. Forty-six studies were selected. There was no standardization regarding distances from food establishments to schools, methods of analysis, and software used. The food environment around the schools was characterized by the wide availability of food establishments, especially fast food, convenience stores, supermarkets, and grocery stores known for offering a wide variety of unhealthy foods. Regarding the correlations with the health of children and adolescents, the evidence points to possible interferences of the food environment known as obesogenic, but it cannot be related only to the school environment since most of the acquisition and consumption of food usually happens around family homes. Conducting standardized and comprehensive studies evaluating food choices in the school environment and their interrelationships is very important to ensure children's food and nutrition security and minimize negative health outcomes in the medium and long term.
本系统范围综述旨在汇集有关学校周围食品环境的最新信息，探索用于描述学校周围食品环境的主要方法，以及该环境可能对儿童和青少年健康产生的影响。为确保稳健且可重复的方法学过程，遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析扩展范围综述（PRISMA-ScR）清单和指南。在以下电子数据库中进行了系统搜索：MEDLINE、Embase、Science Direct、Web of Science、LILACS 和 Scopus，以及相关文章、参考文献列表和灰色文献的手动搜索。共选择了 46 项研究。在距离食品店到学校的距离、分析方法和使用的软件方面没有标准化。学校周围的食品环境的特点是食品店广泛供应，尤其是快餐店、便利店、超市和杂货店，以提供各种不健康食品而闻名。关于与儿童和青少年健康的相关性，证据表明存在称为肥胖相关的食品环境的可能干扰，但不能仅与学校环境相关，因为大多数食物的获取和消费通常发生在家庭住宅周围。开展标准化和全面的研究，评估学校环境中的食物选择及其相互关系，对于确保儿童的食物和营养安全以及最大限度地减少中长期负面健康结果非常重要。
