立体显微镜和扫描电子显微镜相结合，揭示了未描述过的食蚜蝇Milesia crabroniformis（Fabricius，1775）（双翅目：食蚜蝇科）幼虫和蛹壳的精细形态。

Combined stereomicroscope and SEM disentangle the fine morphology of the undescribed larva and puparium of the hoverfly Milesia crabroniformis (Fabricius, 1775) (Diptera: Syrphidae).

作者信息

Orengo-Green José J, Quinto Javier, Ricarte Antonio, Marcos-García M Ángeles

机构信息

Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad). University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.

Research Institute CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad). University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica, Centro IFAPA de Málaga, Laboratorio de Entomología Agrícola, 29140 Málaga, Spain.

出版信息

Micron. 2023 Feb;165:103397. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2022.103397. Epub 2022 Dec 16.

DOI:10.1016/j.micron.2022.103397

PMID:36543057

Abstract

With over 80 species, Milesia Latreille, 1804 is a hoverfly genus (Diptera: Syrphidae) found in all continents except for Australia and the Antarctica. However, little is known about its life cycle and biology. The three Milesia species for which early stages are known have saproxylic larvae, suggesting that the larvae of all other Milesia species are also saproxylic. The early stages of the three Milesia species occurring in Europe are undescribed. Milesia crabroniformis (Fabricius, 1775), a mimic of the hornet Vespa crabro Linnaeus, 1758, is the largest hoverfly in Europe and is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN European Red List of Hoverflies. We here report the first early stages of Milesia ever found in Europe, describing them and their breeding sites. Larvae of M. crabroniformis were collected in water-filled tree holes of live chestnut trees (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Málaga, Southern Spain in 2020-2021. Various studies based on stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques have proven useful in diagnosing hoverfly early stages by observation of their fine morphology. Thus, these techniques were also used here to characterize the second (L2) and third (L3) stage larvae of M. crabroniformis, as well as the puparium. A Leica M205C binocular stereomicroscope and a Jeol JSM-ITH500HR SEM were used. The head skeleton and chaetotaxy of the L3 larva were described and illustrated. Adjustments to the diagnosis of the larvae of Milesia are proposed based on the number of hooks from the primary row of the main group of hooks. The new early stages are compared with those of other Milesia hoverflies, as well as with those of the sister group Spilomyia Meigen, 1803. The knowledge of the larval biology and breeding sites of saproxylic insects is useful for implementing forest management measures and species' conservation programs.

摘要

米氏食蚜蝇属（Milesia Latreille，1804）有80多个物种，是一个食蚜蝇属（双翅目：食蚜蝇科），除澳大利亚和南极洲外，在各大洲均有发现。然而，人们对其生命周期和生物学特性知之甚少。已知处于早期阶段的三种米氏食蚜蝇具有蛀干幼虫，这表明所有其他米氏食蚜蝇的幼虫也都是蛀干的。在欧洲出现的三种米氏食蚜蝇的早期阶段尚未得到描述。黄蜂食蚜蝇（Milesia crabroniformis，Fabricius，1775）模仿欧洲黄蜂（Vespa crabro Linnaeus，1758），是欧洲最大的食蚜蝇，在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）欧洲食蚜蝇红色名录中被列为无危物种。我们在此报告在欧洲首次发现的米氏食蚜蝇的早期阶段，并对其及其繁殖地点进行描述。2020 - 2021年，在西班牙南部马拉加的活栗树（Castanea sativa Mill.）充满水的树洞中采集到了黄蜂食蚜蝇的幼虫。基于体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）技术的各种研究已被证明有助于通过观察食蚜蝇早期阶段的精细形态来进行诊断。因此，这里也使用这些技术来描述黄蜂食蚜蝇第二龄（L2）和第三龄（L3）幼虫以及蛹壳的特征。使用了徕卡M205C双目体视显微镜和日本电子JSM - IT500HR扫描电子显微镜。对L3幼虫的头部骨骼和毛序进行了描述和图示。根据主钩组第一排钩的数量，对米氏食蚜蝇幼虫的诊断提出了调整建议。将新发现的早期阶段与其他米氏食蚜蝇以及姐妹类群1803年的斯皮洛食蚜蝇属（Spilomyia Meigen）的早期阶段进行了比较。了解蛀干昆虫的幼虫生物学和繁殖地点对于实施森林管理措施和物种保护计划是有用的。