Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 10;19(24):16613. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416613.
(1) Background: Lifestyle interventions for adolescents with obesity show minor long-term effects on anthropometric parameters. The persistence of dietary changes after obesity inpatient rehabilitation has not been sufficiently investigated. (2) Objectives: To analyse dietary patterns in German adolescents with obesity as predictors of long-term success following an intensive inpatient lifestyle programme regarding food choices as well as body weight and comorbidities. (3) Methods: Food consumption data of 137 German adolescents with obesity aged 10-17 years were collected by a nutrition interview. Cluster analysis was used to group the participants according to their food consumption. Dietary patterns, changes in body weight and insulin resistance were compared over a 2-year-period. (4) Results: Three dietary patterns were identified. Big Eaters (n = 32) consume high amounts of total sugar and meat, Moderate Eaters (n = 66) have a diet comparable to the national average, and Snackers (n = 39) have a particularly high consumption of total sugar. Big Eaters and Snackers significantly reduced the consumption of total sugar. Among Moderate Eaters, no persistent changes were observed. (5) Conclusion: Weight reduction interventions can induce long-lasting changes in the diet of adolescents with obesity. Therefore, the success of a weight reduction intervention should not be determined by weight reduction only.
(1) 背景：生活方式干预对肥胖青少年的长期影响较小，仅在人体测量参数方面有一定效果。肥胖住院康复后，饮食变化能否持续尚未得到充分研究。(2) 目的：分析德国肥胖青少年的饮食模式，这些模式是预测他们在接受密集型住院生活方式方案后的长期成功的指标，包括食物选择、体重和合并症。(3) 方法：通过营养访谈收集了 137 名年龄在 10-17 岁的德国肥胖青少年的食物消耗数据。采用聚类分析根据参与者的食物消耗情况对其进行分组。在 2 年的时间内比较了饮食模式、体重变化和胰岛素抵抗的变化。(4) 结果：确定了三种饮食模式。暴食者（n = 32）摄入大量的总糖和肉类，适度进食者（n = 66）的饮食与全国平均水平相当，而零食者（n = 39）则有特别高的总糖摄入量。暴食者和零食者的总糖摄入量明显减少。在适度进食者中，没有观察到持续的变化。(5) 结论：减肥干预可以诱导肥胖青少年的饮食发生持久的变化。因此，减肥干预的成功不应仅取决于体重减轻。
