Espinosa Agustin, Janos Erika, Pacheco Manuel, Juárez Juan, Chaparro Hernán
Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
Departamento de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Tarapoto, Peru.
Front Psychol. 2022 Dec 20;13:1070609. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070609. eCollection 2022.
Populism is a phenomenon that is gaining attention in Political Psychology. The goal of the current study was to determine the relationship between populist attitudes, based on the populist demand and the perception of the populist offer, and several indices of political cynicism and attitudes toward democracy in Peru. To do this, a quantitative correlational study including 391 participants from diverse Peruvian locations was carried out. Both populist attitudes and critical perception of the populist offer are found to be directly related to Political Cynicism in its dimensions of Political Distrust, Political Hopelessness, and Political Moral Laxity, and inversely related to the dimension of Political System Change. Similarly, both dimensions of populism are directly related to Democratic Support and inversely related to Democratic Satisfaction. The findings support the notion that populist attitudes emerge in the context of distrust of the system and express an ambivalent relationship with democracy. Furthermore, the various approaches developed by the social sciences to address the populist phenomenon are discussed in terms of their strengths and limitations.
民粹主义是政治心理学中一个日益受到关注的现象。本研究的目的是基于民粹主义需求和对民粹主义提议的认知，确定民粹主义态度与秘鲁政治犬儒主义的若干指标以及对民主的态度之间的关系。为此，开展了一项定量相关研究，包括来自秘鲁不同地区的391名参与者。研究发现，民粹主义态度和对民粹主义提议的批判性认知在其政治不信任、政治绝望和政治道德松弛维度上与政治犬儒主义直接相关，而在政治制度变革维度上与之呈负相关。同样，民粹主义的两个维度都与民主支持直接相关，与民主满意度呈负相关。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即民粹主义态度在对体制不信任的背景下出现，并表达了与民主的矛盾关系。此外，还从优势和局限性方面讨论了社会科学为应对民粹主义现象而发展出的各种方法。
