Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 30;20(1):636. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010636.
Cooperation is a fundamental ingredient of society. However, research on the effects of positive and negative experiences on cooperation remain largely inconsistent. Therefore, through two experiments, the present study examined the effects of positive and negative experiences on cooperative behavior, and the moderation effect of sharedness on this relationship. In Study 1, we directly compared positive and negative experiences in the same context. Seventy-four students participated the experiment ( = 19.88, = 2.21). Results showed that participants reported higher levels of cooperative behavior in negative experiences than in positive experiences. In Study 2, we examined the moderation effect of sharedness on the relationship between positive/negative experiences and cooperative behavior. The result of the experiments involving 126 participants ( = 19.53, = 1.14) showed a significant interaction effect between positive/negative experiences and sharedness on cooperative behavior. Participants exhibited higher level of cooperative behavior in shared negative experiences than in shared positive experiences, while there were no significant differences in cooperative behavior between unshared negative and positive experiences. These results suggested that shared negative experiences could facilitate cooperative behavior.
合作是社会的基本要素。然而，关于积极和消极经验对合作的影响的研究结果仍然存在很大的不一致。因此，本研究通过两个实验，考察了积极和消极经验对合作行为的影响，以及共享性对这种关系的调节作用。在研究 1 中，我们在相同的情境中直接比较了积极和消极的经验。74 名学生参与了实验（ = 19.88， = 2.21）。结果表明，与积极经验相比，参与者在消极经验中报告的合作行为水平更高。在研究 2 中，我们检验了共享性对积极/消极经验与合作行为之间关系的调节作用。涉及 126 名参与者的实验结果（ = 19.53， = 1.14）显示，积极/消极经验与共享性对合作行为的交互作用显著。与共享的积极经验相比，参与者在共享的消极经验中表现出更高水平的合作行为，而在非共享的消极和积极经验之间，合作行为没有显著差异。这些结果表明，共享的消极经验可以促进合作行为。
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