A New Index of Insulin Sensitivity from Glucose Sensor and Insulin Pump Data: In Silico and In Vivo Validation in Youths with Type 1 Diabetes.

Estimation of insulin sensitivity (S) and its daily variation are key for optimizing insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We recently developed a method for S estimation from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) data in adults with T1D (S) and validated it under restrained experimental conditions. Herein, we validate in vivo a new version of S performing well in daily life unrestrained conditions. The new S was tested in both simulated and real data. The simulated dataset consists of 100 virtual adults of the UVa/Padova T1D Simulator monitored during an open-loop experiment, whereas the real dataset consists of 10 youths with T1D monitored during a hybrid closed-loop meal study. In both datasets, participants underwent two consecutive meals (breakfast and lunch, at 7 and 11 am) with the same carbohydrate content (70 g). Plasma glucose and insulin were measured during each meal to estimate the oral glucose minimal model S (S). CGM and CSII data were used for S calculation, which was then validated against the gold standard S. S was estimated with good precision (median coefficient of variation <20%) in 100% of the real and 91% of the simulated meals. S and S were highly correlated, both in the simulated and real datasets ( = 0.82 and  = 0.83,  < 0.001), and exhibited a similar intraday pattern. S is suitable for estimating S in both closed- and open-loop settings, provided that the subject wears a CGM sensor and a subcutaneous insulin pump.