Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
Neuroimage. 2023 Mar;268:119887. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119887. Epub 2023 Jan 18.
Visual stimulation-evoked blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses can exhibit more complex temporal dynamics than a simple monophasic response. For instance, BOLD responses sometimes include a phase of positive response followed by a phase of post-stimulus undershoot. Whether the BOLD response during these phases reflects the underlying neuronal signal fluctuations or is contributed by non-neuronal physiological factors remains elusive. When presenting blocks of sustained (i.e. DC) light ON-OFF stimulations to unanesthetized rats, we observed that the response following a decrease in illumination (i.e. OFF stimulation-evoked BOLD response) in the visual cortices displayed reproducible multiple phases, including an initial positive BOLD response, followed by an undershoot and then an overshoot before the next ON trial. This multi-phase BOLD response did not result from the entrainment of the periodic stimulation structure. When we measured the neural correlates of these responses, we found that the high-frequency band from the LFP power (300 - 3000 Hz, multi-unit activity (MUA)), but not the power in the gamma band (30 - 100 Hz) exhibited the same multiphasic dynamics as the BOLD signal. This study suggests that the post-stimulus phases of the BOLD response can be better explained by the high-frequency neuronal signal.
视觉刺激诱发的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）反应的时程动态比简单的单相反应更为复杂。例如，BOLD 反应有时包括一个正相反应阶段，随后是刺激后下冲阶段。在这些阶段，BOLD 反应是反映潜在神经元信号波动的结果，还是由非神经元生理因素贡献的，仍然难以捉摸。当我们向未麻醉的大鼠呈现持续（即 DC）光 ON-OFF 刺激块时，我们观察到在视觉皮层中，光照减少（即 OFF 刺激诱发的 BOLD 反应）后的反应显示出可重复的多个相位，包括初始的正 BOLD 反应，随后是下冲，然后是过冲，然后是下一个 ON 试验。这种多相 BOLD 反应不是由周期性刺激结构的同步引起的。当我们测量这些反应的神经相关性时，我们发现来自 LFP 功率（300-3000 Hz，多单位活动（MUA））的高频带而不是伽马频带（30-100 Hz）的功率表现出与 BOLD 信号相同的多相动力学。这项研究表明，BOLD 反应的刺激后阶段可以通过高频神经元信号得到更好的解释。
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