Cook Jesse D, Charest Jonathan
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA.
Curr Sleep Med Rep. 2023;9(1):56-81. doi: 10.1007/s40675-022-00243-4. Epub 2023 Jan 17.
Sleep is an essential human behavior that plays a key role in proper biopsychosocial development as well as short- and long-term biological, physical, psychological, and cognitive health. Sleep plays a key role in athletic performance, influencing an athlete's ability to train, recover, and perform, as well as their overall wellness. Over the recent decade, the awareness of sleep's import has penetrated just about every professional sport domain. The purpose of the review was to identify and synthesize the literature published within the past 5 years (2018-2022) that relates to sleep and performance in professional athletes. Literature related to nonprofessional, high-level athletes (e.g., collegiate; Olympic) was omitted as well as those associated with non-traditional professional sports (e.g., eSports).
Results from 38 articles were incorporated into this review, which covered (1) the sleep's role in the training, physical injury prevention and recovery, competitive performance, and mental health of professional athletes, (2) common sleep problems and disorders in professional athletes, and (3) the impact of unique challenges from training, travel, competition, and other factors on sleep health. Additionally, we provide an orientation to utilized strategies and interventions to assist with sleep health in professional athletes, as well as conclude with a commentary on critical steps forward.
Sleep plays a critically important role in the training, recovery, performance, and overall wellness of professional athletes. Professional athletes are vulnerable to a variety of sleep-related problems and disorders, due to unique factors related to training, travel, and competition, among other factors. Improved, standardized research methodology and partnerships between professional athletes, coaches, teams, and organizations and researchers are necessary to advance the knowledge of sleep and performance in professional athletes, including identifying sport-specific differences and variation across individual characteristics, as well as developing individualizable, dynamic, and appropriate interventions for improving sleep health among professional athletes.
睡眠是人类的一项基本行为，在生物心理社会的正常发育以及短期和长期的生物、身体、心理和认知健康中起着关键作用。睡眠在运动表现中起着关键作用，影响运动员的训练、恢复和比赛能力以及他们的整体健康状况。在过去十年中，对睡眠重要性的认识几乎渗透到了每个职业体育领域。本综述的目的是识别和综合过去5年（2018 - 2022年）发表的与职业运动员睡眠和表现相关的文献。与非职业高水平运动员（如大学生运动员；奥运会运动员）相关的文献以及与非传统职业体育（如电子竞技）相关的文献被排除在外。
38篇文章的结果被纳入本综述，内容涵盖（1）睡眠在职业运动员的训练、预防身体损伤和恢复、比赛表现以及心理健康中的作用，（2）职业运动员常见的睡眠问题和障碍，（3）训练、旅行、比赛和其他因素带来的独特挑战对睡眠健康的影响。此外，我们介绍了用于帮助职业运动员改善睡眠健康的策略和干预措施，并对未来的关键步骤进行了评论。
睡眠在职业运动员的训练、恢复、表现和整体健康中起着至关重要的作用。由于与训练、旅行和比赛等相关的独特因素，职业运动员容易出现各种与睡眠相关的问题和障碍。改进的、标准化的研究方法以及职业运动员、教练、团队、组织和研究人员之间的合作对于推进职业运动员睡眠与表现方面的知识是必要的，包括识别特定运动项目的差异以及个体特征的变化，同时制定个性化、动态且合适的干预措施以改善职业运动员的睡眠健康。
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