Al Khalaf Hani, Kovacsne Gabriella Federer, Mohammed Nagham Alhaj, Horvath Gabor, Docs Roland
Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Hungary.
Research Institute of Applied Earth Sciences, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Hungary.
Heliyon. 2023 Jan 13;9(1):e12975. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12975. eCollection 2023 Jan.
There have been many investigations to improve both the physical and mechanical properties of oil well cement using a wide range of materials. Most of these additives are expensive and practically ineffective. In this article, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted for using Austrian pinecones powder (APCP) as an inexpensive supplementary cementing material (SCM) for well cement. Firstly, Portland cement class G was characterized based on X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). In this paper, the properties of the cement systems include rheological parameters, density, slurry stability (free water test, and sedimentation test), water absorption, porosity, permeability, the volume of fluid loss, pH value, thermogravimetric analysis, and the mechanical characteristics (in terms of compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and shear strength bond) were investigated in details. The cement sample containing the APCP was also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the experimental results, adding APCP led to increasing in rheological parameters. Also, led to decreasing in fluid loss, free water, sedimentation effect, and density which positively affects the preservation of the original properties of cement slurry. The results also showed a decrease in the permeability of cement samples and an increase in the porosity and the ability to absorb water. The addition of APCP did not significantly affect the pH values. The addition of APCP also deteriorated the mechanical properties of the cement samples. The addition of the APCP has contributed to an increase in total weight loss at high temperatures. So, the APCP can be considered as a new filler for well cement due to its ability to fill the pores in the cement matrix and at the same time improve some properties of the well cement such as density, free water, sedimentation, and fluid loss.
人们已经进行了许多研究，以使用多种材料来改善油井水泥的物理和机械性能。这些添加剂大多价格昂贵且实际效果不佳。在本文中，对使用奥地利松果粉（APCP）作为油井水泥的廉价辅助胶凝材料（SCM）进行了全面评估。首先，基于X射线荧光（XRF）、X射线衍射（XRD）对G级波特兰水泥进行了表征。本文详细研究了水泥体系的性能，包括流变参数、密度、浆液稳定性（游离水试验和沉降试验）、吸水率、孔隙率、渗透率、滤失量、pH值、热重分析以及机械特性（抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗弯强度和抗剪强度粘结方面）。还使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对含有APCP的水泥样品进行了检查。根据实验结果，添加APCP导致流变参数增加。同时，导致滤失量、游离水、沉降效果和密度降低，这对水泥浆原始性能的保持产生了积极影响。结果还表明水泥样品的渗透率降低，孔隙率和吸水能力增加。添加APCP对pH值没有显著影响。添加APCP也使水泥样品的机械性能变差。添加APCP导致高温下总重量损失增加。因此，由于APCP能够填充水泥基体中的孔隙，同时改善油井水泥的一些性能，如密度、游离水、沉降和滤失量，所以可以将其视为油井水泥的一种新型填料。
