Parkinson Tracie D, Smith Stephen D
Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 18;13:999130. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.999130. eCollection 2022.
Previous research has identified numerous physical, psychological, and spiritual benefits associated with the practice of yoga. Indeed, yoga has been linked with improved quality of life, reduced stress, and numerous markers of psychological well-being. In the current research, a cross-sectional design was used to examine whether the psychological benefits associated with yoga only apply to long-term practitioners or whether more "casual," intermittent yoga experience could produce positive outcomes.
An American population of long-term practitioners ( = 129), intermittent practitioners ( = 161), and non-practitioners ( = 164) completed online self-report measures of emotional regulation, trait mindfulness, self-compassion, interoceptive awareness, and spiritual intelligence variables.
The results indicated that long-term (LT) practitioners scored higher than intermittent experience (IE) practitioners on measures of mindfulness ( = 137.3; = 127.6), interoceptive awareness ( = 3.4; = 3.1), self-compassion ( = 3.4; = 3.1), and spiritual intelligence ( = 63.5; = 55.5; all -value < 0.05). Intermittent practitioners scored higher than no-experience (NE) group on interoceptive awareness ( = 3.1; = 2.7) and spiritual intelligence ( = 55.5; = 46.6; both -value < 0.05). Contrary to our hypotheses, yoga experience had no effect on depression, anxiety, or stress levels. Separate mediation analyses demonstrated that interoceptive awareness, spiritual intelligence, mindfulness, and self-compassion each mediated the relationship between yoga experience and emotion dysregulation. Furthermore, emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between yoga experience and depression, anxiety, and stress.
Taken together, the results of this study suggest that long-term practitioners experience more benefits compared to intermittent and non-practitioners, and that the mechanisms underlying these benefits are multi-faceted.
先前的研究已经确定了与瑜伽练习相关的众多身体、心理和精神益处。事实上，瑜伽与生活质量的提高、压力的减轻以及心理健康的众多指标都有关联。在当前的研究中，采用了横断面设计来检验与瑜伽相关的心理益处是否仅适用于长期练习者，或者更“随意”的间歇性瑜伽体验是否也能产生积极效果。
一组美国人群，包括长期练习者（n = 129）、间歇性练习者（n = 161）和非练习者（n = 164），完成了关于情绪调节、特质正念、自我同情、内感受觉知和精神智力变量的在线自我报告测量。
结果表明，长期（LT）练习者在正念（M = 137.3；M = 127.6）、内感受觉知（M = 3.4；M = 3.1）、自我同情（M = 3.4；M = 3.1）和精神智力（M = 63.5；M = 55.5；所有p值 < 0.05）测量上的得分高于间歇性体验（IE）练习者。间歇性练习者在内感受觉知（M = 3.1；M = 2.7）和精神智力（M = 55.5；M = 46.6；两者p值 < 0.05）上的得分高于无体验（NE）组。与我们的假设相反，瑜伽体验对抑郁、焦虑或压力水平没有影响。单独的中介分析表明，内感受觉知、精神智力、正念和自我同情各自介导了瑜伽体验与情绪失调之间的关系。此外，情绪失调介导了瑜伽体验与抑郁、焦虑和压力之间的关系。
综合来看，本研究结果表明，与间歇性练习者和非练习者相比，长期练习者体验到更多益处，并且这些益处背后的机制是多方面的。
