Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
Biol Sex Differ. 2023 Feb 7;14(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13293-023-00490-2.
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are now a widespread pandemic in the developed world. These pathologies show sex differences in their development and prevalence, and sex steroids, mainly estrogen and testosterone, are thought to play a prominent role in this sexual dimorphism. The influence of sex hormones on these pathologies is not only reflected in differences between men and women, but also between women themselves, depending on the hormonal changes associated with the menopause. The observed sex differences in gut microbiota composition have led to multiple studies highlighting the interaction between steroid hormones and the gut microbiota and its influence on metabolic diseases, ultimately pointing to a new therapy for these diseases based on the manipulation of the gut microbiota. This review aims to shed light on the role of sexual hormones in sex differences in the development and prevalence of metabolic diseases, focusing on obesity, MetS and T2D. We focus also the interaction between sex hormones and the gut microbiota, and in particular the role of microbiota in aspects such as gut barrier integrity, inflammatory status, and the gut-brain axis, given the relevance of these factors in the development of metabolic diseases.
代谢性疾病，如肥胖症、代谢综合征（MetS）和 2 型糖尿病（T2D），如今在发达国家已广泛流行。这些病理表现出在其发展和流行过程中的性别差异，而性激素，主要是雌激素和睾酮，被认为在这种性别二态性中发挥着突出的作用。性激素对这些疾病的影响不仅体现在男性和女性之间的差异上，也体现在女性自身之间，这取决于与更年期相关的激素变化。肠道微生物组组成中观察到的性别差异促使多项研究强调了类固醇激素与肠道微生物组及其对代谢性疾病的影响之间的相互作用，最终为这些疾病的治疗提供了一种新的基于肠道微生物组操作的方法。本综述旨在阐明性激素在代谢性疾病的发展和流行中的性别差异中的作用，重点关注肥胖症、MetS 和 T2D。我们还关注性激素和肠道微生物组之间的相互作用，特别是微生物组在肠道屏障完整性、炎症状态和肠道-大脑轴等方面的作用，因为这些因素与代谢性疾病的发生密切相关。
