Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2023 Jan 26;15(3):640. doi: 10.3390/nu15030640.
The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has undergone several changes over the years due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria for it. Underlying the disorders related to MetS is almost invariably a pro-inflammatory state related to altered glucose metabolism, which could lead to elevated cardiovascular risk. Indeed, the complications closely related to MetS are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been observed that the predisposition to metabolic syndrome is modulated by complex interactions between human microbiota, genetic factors, and diet. This review provides a summary of the last decade of literature related to three principal aspects of MetS: (i) the syndrome's definition and classification, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches; (ii) prediction and diagnosis underlying the biomarkers identified by means of advanced methodologies (NMR, LC/GC-MS, and LC, LC-MS); and (iii) the role of foods and food components in prevention and/or treatment of MetS, demonstrating a possible role of specific foods intake in the development of MetS.
代谢综合征（MetS）的定义多年来发生了多次变化，因为难以为其建立通用标准。与 MetS 相关的疾病的根本原因几乎总是与改变的葡萄糖代谢有关的促炎状态，这可能导致心血管风险升高。事实上，与 MetS 密切相关的并发症是心血管疾病（CVDs）和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）。已经观察到，代谢综合征的易感性受到人类微生物群、遗传因素和饮食之间复杂相互作用的调节。本综述总结了过去十年与 MetS 的三个主要方面相关的文献：（i）该综合征的定义和分类、病理生理学和治疗方法；（ii）通过先进方法（NMR、LC/GC-MS 和 LC、LC-MS）确定的生物标志物的预测和诊断；以及（iii）食物和食物成分在预防和/或治疗 MetS 中的作用，证明了特定食物摄入在 MetS 发展中的可能作用。
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