Williams S Richard O, Moate Peter J, Garner Josie B, Hannah Murray C, Giri Khageswor, Wales William J, Marett Leah C
Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia.
Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Feb 27;13(5):867. doi: 10.3390/ani13050867.
The frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves in Australia are increasing. To reduce the impact of heat waves on milk production, novel management strategies are required. Altering the forage type and amount offered affect the heat load on dairy cows and offer potential strategies to ameliorate the effects of hot weather. Thirty-two multiparous, lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were assigned one of four dietary treatments: chicory high amount, chicory low amount, pasture silage high amount, or pasture silage low amount. These cows were exposed to a heat wave in controlled-environment chambers. Cows that were offered fresh chicory had similar feed intake to cows that were offered pasture silage (15.3 kg DM/d). However, cows that were offered chicory produced greater energy-corrected milk (21.9 vs. 17.2 kg/d) and had a lower maximum body temperature (39.4 vs. 39.6 °C) than cows that were offered pasture silage overall. Cows that were offered the high amount of forage had greater feed intake (16.5 vs. 14.1 kg DM/d) and energy corrected milk yield (20.0 vs. 17.9 kg/d) than cows that were offered the low amount, as intended, but with no difference in maximum body temperature (39.5 °C). We conclude that feeding chicory instead of pasture silage to dairy cows shows promise as a dietary strategy to ameliorate the effect of heat exposure, and there was no advantage in restricting feed amount.
澳大利亚热浪的频率、持续时间和强度正在增加。为了减少热浪对牛奶生产的影响,需要新的管理策略。改变所提供的饲料类型和数量会影响奶牛的热负荷,并提供减轻炎热天气影响的潜在策略。32头经产泌乳荷斯坦-弗里生奶牛被分配到四种日粮处理之一:高量菊苣、低量菊苣、高量青贮牧草或低量青贮牧草。这些奶牛在可控环境舱中经历了一次热浪。提供新鲜菊苣的奶牛与提供青贮牧草的奶牛采食量相似(15.3千克干物质/天)。然而,总体而言,提供菊苣的奶牛比提供青贮牧草的奶牛产更多的能量校正乳(分别为21.9千克/天和17.2千克/天),且最高体温更低(分别为39.4℃和39.6℃)。如预期的那样,提供高量饲料的奶牛比提供低量饲料的奶牛采食量更大(分别为16.5千克干物质/天和14.1千克干物质/天),能量校正乳产量更高(分别为20.0千克/天和17.9千克/天),但最高体温没有差异(39.5℃)。我们得出结论,给奶牛喂食菊苣而非青贮牧草作为一种日粮策略,有望减轻热应激的影响,并且限制饲料量没有优势。