College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China.
College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China.
Molecules. 2023 Mar 4;28(5):2379. doi: 10.3390/molecules28052379.
Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activated macrophages (M2) in response to local microenvironments. Macrophage polarization involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we focused on the origin of macrophages, the phenotype and polarization of macrophages, as well as the signaling pathways associated with macrophage polarization. We also highlighted the role of macrophage polarization in lung diseases. We intend to enhance the understanding of the functions and immunomodulatory features of macrophages. Based on our review, we believe that targeting macrophage phenotypes is a viable and promising strategy for treating lung diseases.
巨噬细胞是免疫系统的关键组成部分，在抵御病原体的初始防御中发挥着关键作用。它们具有高度的异质性和可塑性，并可以根据局部微环境被极化成为经典激活的巨噬细胞（M1）或选择性激活的巨噬细胞（M2）。巨噬细胞极化涉及多个信号通路和转录因子的调节。在这里，我们重点关注巨噬细胞的起源、表型和极化，以及与巨噬细胞极化相关的信号通路。我们还强调了巨噬细胞极化在肺部疾病中的作用。我们旨在增强对巨噬细胞功能和免疫调节特性的理解。基于我们的综述，我们认为靶向巨噬细胞表型是治疗肺部疾病的一种可行且有前途的策略。
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