Audu Rosemary A, Stafford Kristen A, Steinhardt Laura, Musa Zaidat A, Iriemenam Nnaemeka, Ilori Elsie, Blanco Natalia, Mitchell Andrew, Hamada Yohhei, Moloney Mirna, Iwara Emem, Abimiku Alash'le, Ige Fehintola A, William Nwachukwu E, Igumbor Ehimario, Ochu Chinwe, Omoare Adesuyi A, Okunoye Olumide, Greby Stacie M, Rangaka Molebogeng X, Copas Andrew, Dalhatu Ibrahim, Abubakar Ibrahim, McCracken Stephen, Alagi Matthias, Mba Nwando, Anthony Ahumibe, Okoye McPaul, Okoi Catherine, Ezechi Oliver C, Salako Babatunde L, Ihekweazu Chikwe
Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.
Center for International Health, Education and Biosecurity, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022 Jun 17;2(6):e0000363. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000363. eCollection 2022.
The observed epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa has varied greatly from that in Europe and the United States, with much lower reported incidence. Population-based studies are needed to estimate true cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 to inform public health interventions. This study estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in four selected states in Nigeria in October 2020. We implemented a two-stage cluster sample household survey in four Nigerian states (Enugu, Gombe, Lagos, and Nasarawa) to estimate age-stratified prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All individuals in sampled households were eligible for interview, blood draw, and nasal/oropharyngeal swab collection. We additionally tested participants for current/recent malaria infection. Seroprevalence estimates were calculated accounting for the complex survey design. Across all four states, 10,629 (96·5%) of 11,015 interviewed individuals provided blood samples. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 25·2% (95% CI 21·8-28·6) in Enugu State, 9·3% (95% CI 7·0-11·5) in Gombe State, 23·3% (95% CI 20·5-26·4) in Lagos State, and 18·0% (95% CI 14·4-21·6) in Nasarawa State. Prevalence of current/recent malaria infection ranged from 2·8% in Lagos to 45·8% in Gombe and was not significantly related to SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. The prevalence of active SARS-CoV-2 infection in the four states during the survey period was 0·2% (95% CI 0·1-0·4). Approximately eight months after the first reported COVID-19 case in Nigeria, seroprevalence indicated infection levels 194 times higher than the 24,198 officially reported COVID-19 cases across the four states; however, most of the population remained susceptible to COVID-19 in October 2020.
在撒哈拉以南非洲观察到的新冠病毒流行病学情况与欧洲和美国有很大不同，报告的发病率要低得多。需要开展基于人群的研究来估计新冠病毒的真实累积发病率，以便为公共卫生干预措施提供依据。本研究估计了2020年10月尼日利亚四个选定州的新冠病毒血清流行率。我们在尼日利亚的四个州（埃努古、贡贝、拉各斯和纳萨拉瓦）实施了两阶段整群抽样家庭调查，以估计新冠病毒抗体的年龄分层流行率。抽样家庭中的所有个体都有资格接受访谈、采血以及采集鼻拭子/咽拭子。我们还对参与者进行了当前/近期疟疾感染检测。血清流行率估计值是根据复杂的调查设计计算得出的。在所有四个州中，11015名接受访谈的个体中有10629人（96.5%）提供了血样。埃努古州新冠病毒抗体的血清流行率为25.2%（95%置信区间21.8 - 28.6），贡贝州为9.3%（95%置信区间7.0 - 11.5），拉各斯州为23.3%（95%置信区间20.5 - 26.4），纳萨拉瓦州为18.0%（95%置信区间14.4 - 21.6）。当前/近期疟疾感染的流行率从拉各斯的2.8%到贡贝的45.8%不等，且与新冠病毒血清流行率无显著关联。在调查期间，这四个州中新冠病毒活跃感染的流行率为0.2%（95%置信区间0.1 - 0.4）。在尼日利亚报告首例新冠肺炎病例大约八个月后，血清流行率表明感染水平比这四个州官方报告的24198例新冠肺炎病例高出194倍；然而，在2020年10月，大多数人群仍然易感染新冠病毒。
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