一项评估如何改善职场戒烟项目的覆盖面和参与度的定性研究。

A qualitative study assessing how reach and participation can be improved in workplace smoking cessation programs.

作者信息

Poole Nikita L, Nagelhout Gera E, Magnée Tessa, de Haan-Bouma Lotte C I, Barendregt Cas, van Schayck Onno C P, van den Brand Floor A

机构信息

Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

IVO Research Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands.

出版信息

Tob Prev Cessat. 2023 Mar 24;9:07. doi: 10.18332/tpc/161589. eCollection 2023.

DOI:10.18332/tpc/161589

PMID:36968254

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10037216/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of workplace smoking cessation programs. However, with low participation rates reported, it is important to understand the barriers and facilitators for the reach and participation of employees in workplace smoking cessation programs. The objective of the present study is to uncover the needs of employees regarding reach and participation when implementing a workplace program to address smoking cessation.

METHODS

We carried out 19 semi-structured qualitative interviews in 2019 based on the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework with current and former smoking employees of organizations with ≥100 employees in the Netherlands. Some of the interviewees had experience with a cessation program. Data were analyzed using the Framework method.

RESULTS

The main barriers according to employees were insufficient promotion of the cessation program, completing the program in the employee's own time and working night shifts and peak hours. Facilitators included being actively approached to participate by a colleague, positive reactions from colleagues about employee's participation in the program, providing the program on location and integrating the program as part of the organization's vitality policy.

CONCLUSIONS

Effective workplace programs for smoking cessation can stimulate cessation but implementers often experience low participation rates. Our study presents recommendations to improve the recruitment and participation of employees in a workplace smoking cessation program, such as using active communication strategies, training managers to stimulate smoking employees to participate and making the program as accessible as possible by reimbursing time spent and offering the program at the workplace or nearby. Integrating the smoking cessation program into wider company vitality policy will also aid continued provision of the program.

摘要

引言

随机对照试验已证明工作场所戒烟计划的有效性。然而，据报道参与率较低，因此了解员工参与工作场所戒烟计划的障碍和促进因素很重要。本研究的目的是揭示在实施工作场所戒烟计划时员工在参与度和参与方面的需求。

方法

2019年，我们基于“覆盖、效果、采用、实施和维持”（RE-AIM）框架，对荷兰员工人数≥100人的组织中目前和曾经吸烟的员工进行了19次半结构化定性访谈。一些受访者有参与戒烟计划的经验。数据采用框架法进行分析。

结果

员工认为主要障碍包括戒烟计划宣传不足、在员工自己的时间内完成计划以及上夜班和高峰时段工作。促进因素包括同事积极邀请参与、同事对员工参与计划的积极反应、在工作地点提供该计划以及将该计划纳入组织的活力政策。

结论

有效的工作场所戒烟计划可以促进戒烟，但实施者经常遇到参与率低的问题。我们的研究提出了一些建议，以提高员工参与工作场所戒烟计划的招募率和参与度，例如采用积极的沟通策略、培训管理人员以激励吸烟员工参与，以及通过报销所花费的时间并在工作场所或附近提供该计划，使计划尽可能易于参与。将戒烟计划纳入更广泛的公司活力政策也将有助于该计划的持续实施。