Indelicato Serena, Di Stefano Vita, Avellone Giuseppe, Piazzese Daniela, Vazzana Mirella, Mauro Manuela, Arizza Vincenzo, Bongiorno David
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DISTEM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
Foods. 2023 Mar 11;12(6):1193. doi: 10.3390/foods12061193.
Fish oil is one of the most common lipidic substances that is consumed as a dietary supplement. The high omega-3 fatty acid content in fish oil is responsible for its numerous health benefits. Fish species such as mackerel, herring, tuna, and salmon are particularly rich in these lipids, which contain two essential omega-3 fatty acids, known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Due to the scarcity of information in the literature, this study aimed to conduct a qualitative and quantitative characterization of triglycerides (TAGs) in crude tuna fish oil using HPLC/HRMS. Fatty acid (FA) determination was also performed using GC/MS. The tuna fish oils analyzed were produced using a green, low-temperature process from the remnants of fish production, avoiding the use of any extraction solvents.
The analyses led to the tentative identification and semi-quantitation of 81 TAGs. In silico saponification and comparison with fatty acid methyl ester results helped to confirm the identified TAGs and their quantities. The study found that the produced oil is rich in EPA, DHA, and erucic acid, while the negligible isomerization of fatty acids to trans-derivatives was observed.
鱼油是作为膳食补充剂食用的最常见脂质物质之一。鱼油中高含量的ω-3脂肪酸赋予其众多健康益处。鲭鱼、鲱鱼、金枪鱼和鲑鱼等鱼类尤其富含这些脂质，其中含有两种必需的ω-3脂肪酸，即二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。
由于文献中信息匮乏，本研究旨在使用HPLC/HRMS对粗制金枪鱼鱼油中的甘油三酯（TAGs）进行定性和定量表征。还使用GC/MS进行了脂肪酸（FA）测定。所分析的金枪鱼鱼油是采用绿色低温工艺从鱼类生产残余物中制备的，避免使用任何提取溶剂。
分析初步鉴定并半定量了81种TAGs。通过计算机模拟皂化并与脂肪酸甲酯结果进行比较，有助于确认所鉴定的TAGs及其含量。研究发现，所生产的油富含EPA、DHA和芥酸，同时观察到脂肪酸向反式衍生物的异构化程度可忽略不计。
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