Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2023 Mar 30;23(1):131. doi: 10.1186/s12886-023-02869-6.
We aimed to investigate children with an emmetropic non-cycloplegic refraction (NCR) to compare the difference in progression of NC spherical equivalent (SE) over 2 years between the children with emmetropic and hyperopic cycloplegic refraction (CR) values.
Through a retrospective medical record review, 59 children aged under 10 years were evaluated. Refractive error was calculated as the average of the SE values of both eyes. According to the CR results, children with emmetropia (-0.50 to 1.00 diopter [D]) were assigned to group 1 (n = 29), and those with hyperopia (≥ 1.00 D) were assigned to group 2 (n = 30). The prevalence of myopia and SE progression were compared over 2 years. Correlations between final SE progression and baseline age and refractive error were analyzed and multiple regression analysis was conducted. Receiver operating characteristic curves that achieved the best cutoff points to distinguish between the groups were calculated.
Group 1 showed significantly myopic SE changes compared to baseline at the 1-year follow-up, and group 1 was significantly myopic compared with group 2 at the 2-year follow-up. Myopia prevalence was 51.7% in group 1 and 6.7% in group 2 after 1 year, and 61.1% and 16.7% after 2 years, respectively. In the correlation analysis, baseline age, baseline CR, and difference between CR and NCR showed significant correlations with the 2-year SE progression (r = -0.359, p = 0.005; r = 0.450, p < 0.001; r = -0.562, p < 0.001, respectively). However, NCR refractive error showed no significant correlation (r = -0.097, p = 0.468). In multiple regression analysis, baseline age (β= -0.082), and CR-NCR difference (β= -0.214) showed a significant effect on SE progression for 2 years. When an NCR value of 0.20 D was set as the cut-off value to distinguish between the groups, a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 92% were obtained.
Even if NCR showed emmetropia, children with baseline CR values of emmetropia showed greater SE progression compared with those with hyperopia. Cycloplegia is essential to confirm the correct refractive status in children. It may be useful for predicting prognosis of SE progression.
我们旨在研究正视非睫状肌麻痹性屈光（NCR）的儿童，以比较正视性和远视性睫状肌麻痹性屈光（CR）值的儿童在 2 年内 NC 球镜等效（SE）进展的差异。
通过回顾性病历审查，评估了 59 名年龄在 10 岁以下的儿童。屈光不正的计算为双眼 SE 值的平均值。根据 CR 结果，屈光度为（-0.50 至 1.00 屈光度[D]）的儿童被分为第 1 组（n=29），而屈光度为远视（≥1.00 D）的儿童被分为第 2 组（n=30）。比较了 2 年内近视和 SE 进展的患病率。分析了最终 SE 进展与基线年龄和屈光不正之间的相关性，并进行了多元回归分析。计算了达到最佳截断值以区分两组的受试者工作特征曲线。
第 1 组在 1 年随访时与基线相比 SE 明显呈近视变化，而第 1 组在 2 年随访时与第 2 组相比明显近视。第 1 组的近视患病率为 1 年后 51.7%，2 年后 61.1%，第 2 组为 1 年后 6.7%，2 年后 16.7%。在相关性分析中，基线年龄、基线 CR 和 CR 与 NCR 之间的差异与 2 年 SE 进展具有显著相关性（r=-0.359，p=0.005；r=0.450，p<0.001；r=-0.562，p<0.001，分别）。然而，NCR 屈光不正与 SE 进展无显著相关性（r=-0.097，p=0.468）。在多元回归分析中，基线年龄（β=-0.082）和 CR-NCR 差异（β=-0.214）对 2 年 SE 进展有显著影响。当将 NCR 值设定为 0.20 D 作为区分两组的截止值时，获得了 70%的敏感性和 92%的特异性。
即使 NCR 显示正视，基线 CR 值为正视的儿童与远视的儿童相比，SE 进展更大。睫状肌麻痹对于确认儿童的正确屈光状态至关重要。它可能有助于预测 SE 进展的预后。
