A high-performance and flexible electrode film based on bacterial cellulose/polypyrrole/nitrogen-doped graphene for supercapacitors.

With the development and popularity of portable electronic devices, there is an urgent need for flexible energy storage devices suitable for mass production. We report freestanding paper electrodes for supercapacitors fabricated via a simple but efficient two-step method. Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-rGO) was first prepared via a hydrothermal method. This not only obtained nitrogen atom-doped nanoparticles but also formed reduced graphene oxide. Pyrrole (Py) was then deposited on the bacterial cellulose (BC) fibers as a polypyrrole (PPy) pseudo-capacitance conductive layer by in situ polymerization and filtered with nitrogen-doped graphene to prepare a self-standing flexible paper electrode with a controllable thickness. The synthesized BC/PPy/N-rGO paper electrode has a remarkable mass specific capacitance of 441.9 F g, a long cycle life (96 % retention after 3000 cycles), and excellent rate performance. The BC/PPy/N-rGO-based symmetric supercapacitor shows a high volumetric specific capacitance of 244 F cm and a max energy density of 67.9 mWh cm with a power density of 1.48 W cm, suggesting that they will be promising materials for flexible supercapacitors.