A review of penicillin binding protein and group A with reduced-β-lactam susceptibility.

With the widespread use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global problem that endangers public health. Despite the global high prevalence of group A (GAS) infections and the global widespread use of β-lactams, β-lactams remain the first-line treatment option for GAS infection. β-hemolytic streptococci maintain a persistent susceptibility to β-lactams, which is an extremely special phenomenon in the genus , while the exact current mechanism is not known. In recent years, several studies have found that the gene encoding penicillin binding protein 2X () is associated with GAS with reduced-β-lactam susceptibility. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current published data on GAS penicillin binding proteins and β-lactam susceptibility, to explore the relationship between them, and to be alert to the emergence of GAS with reduced susceptibility to β-lactams.