Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Hargobind Khurana School of Life Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 May 3;39(7):179. doi: 10.1007/s11274-023-03631-2.
Here we present the construction and characterization of metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) from two hot springs residing in the vicinity of Indian Himalayan Geothermal Belt (IHGB). A total of 78 and 7 taxonomic bins were obtained for Old Yume Samdong (OYS) and New Yume Samdong (NYS) hot springs respectively. After passing all the criteria only 21 and 4 MAGs were further studied based on the successful prediction of their 16 S rRNA. Various databases were used such as GTDB, Kaiju, EzTaxon, BLAST XY Plot and NCBI BLAST to get the taxonomic classification of various 16 S rRNA predicted MAGs. The bacterial genomes found were from both thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria among which Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the abundant phyla. However, in case of OYS, two genomes belonged to archaeal Methanobacterium and Methanocaldococcus. Functional characterization revealed the richness of CAZymes such as Glycosyl Transferase (GT) (56.7%), Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) (37.4%), Carbohydrate Esterase family (CE) (8.2%), and Polysaccharide Lyase (PL) (1.9%). There were negligible antibiotic resistance genes in the MAGs however, a significant heavy metal tolerance gene was found in the MAGs. Thus, it may be assumed that there is no coexistence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes in these hot spring microbiomes. Since the selected hot springs possess good sulfur content thus, we also checked the presence of genes for sulfur and nitrogen metabolism. It was found that MAGs from both the hot springs possess significant number of genes related to sulfur and nitrogen metabolism.
在这里,我们展示了来自印度喜马拉雅地热带(IHGB)附近两个温泉的宏基因组组装基因组(MAG)的构建和特征。分别从 Old Yume Samdong(OYS)和 New Yume Samdong(NYS)温泉获得了 78 个和 7 个分类群。在通过所有标准后,仅根据 16S rRNA 的成功预测,进一步研究了 21 个和 4 个 MAG。使用了各种数据库,如 GTDB、Kaiju、EzTaxon、BLAST XY Plot 和 NCBI BLAST,以获得各种 16S rRNA 预测 MAG 的分类学分类。发现的细菌基因组来自嗜热菌和中温菌,其中变形菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门是丰富的门。然而,在 OYS 的情况下,有两个基因组属于古菌甲烷杆菌属和甲烷球菌属。功能特征分析显示 CAZymes 的丰富度,如糖基转移酶(GT)(56.7%)、糖苷水解酶(GH)(37.4%)、碳水化合物酯酶家族(CE)(8.2%)和多糖裂解酶(PL)(1.9%)。MAG 中几乎没有抗生素抗性基因,但是在 MAG 中发现了一个重要的重金属耐受基因。因此,可以假设这些温泉微生物组中不存在抗生素和重金属抗性基因共存的情况。由于所选温泉具有良好的硫磺含量,因此我们还检查了硫和氮代谢基因的存在。结果发现,来自两个温泉的 MAG 都具有大量与硫和氮代谢相关的基因。