School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 19;14:1148359. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148359. eCollection 2023.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss disorder caused by autoimmunity. The immune collapse of the hair follicle, where interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and CD8+ T cells accumulate, is a key factor in AA. However, the exact functional mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, AA treatment has poor efficacy maintenance and high relapse rate after drug withdrawal. Recent studies show that immune-related cells and molecules affect AA. These cells communicate through autocrine and paracrine signals. Various cytokines, chemokines and growth factors mediate this crosstalk. In addition, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), gut microbiota, hair follicle melanocytes, non-coding RNAs and specific regulatory factors have crucial roles in intercellular communication without a clear cause, suggesting potential new targets for AA therapy. This review discusses the latest research on the possible pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AA.
斑秃（AA）是一种由自身免疫引起的非瘢痕性脱发疾病。毛囊的免疫崩溃是 AA 的一个关键因素，其中干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和 CD8+T 细胞聚集。然而，确切的功能机制仍不清楚。因此，AA 治疗的疗效维持不佳，停药后复发率高。最近的研究表明，免疫相关细胞和分子影响 AA。这些细胞通过自分泌和旁分泌信号进行通讯。各种细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子介导这种串扰。此外，脂肪来源的干细胞（ADSCs）、肠道微生物群、毛囊黑素细胞、非编码 RNA 和特定的调节因子在没有明确原因的情况下在细胞间通讯中起着至关重要的作用，这表明 AA 治疗的潜在新靶点。本综述讨论了 AA 可能的发病机制和治疗靶点的最新研究。
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