Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Group of Molecular Cytology of Prokaryotes and Bacterial Invasion, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 30;24(9):8108. doi: 10.3390/ijms24098108.
At the beginning of the 21st century, it became obvious that radical changes had taken place in the concept of living matter and, in particular, in the concept of the organization of intracellular space. The accumulated data testify to the essential importance of phase transitions of biopolymers (first of all, intrinsically disordered proteins and RNA) in the spatiotemporal organization of the intracellular space. Of particular interest is the stress-induced reorganization of the intracellular space. Examples of organelles formed in response to stress are nuclear A-bodies and nuclear stress bodies. The formation of these organelles is based on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and non-coding RNA. Despite their overlapping composition and similar mechanism of formation, these organelles have different functional activities and physical properties. In this review, we will focus our attention on these membrane-less organelles (MLOs) and describe their functions, structure, and mechanism of formation.
在 21 世纪初，生命物质的概念发生了重大变化，特别是细胞内空间组织的概念发生了重大变化，这一点变得显而易见。积累的数据证明了生物聚合物（尤其是无序蛋白和 RNA）的相转变在细胞内空间的时空调控组织中具有重要意义。特别值得关注的是细胞内空间的应激诱导重组。细胞器形成的例子是核 A 体和核应激体。这些细胞器的形成是基于无序蛋白（IDPs）和非编码 RNA 的液-液相分离（LLPS）。尽管它们的组成重叠，形成机制相似，但这些细胞器具有不同的功能活性和物理特性。在这篇综述中，我们将注意力集中在这些无膜细胞器（MLOs）上，并描述它们的功能、结构和形成机制。
