College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Aug;333:138987. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138987. Epub 2023 May 18.
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is sensitive to environmental pollutants, such as antibiotics. In this study, the harmful effect of tetracycline (TC) on the performance of an anammox reactor and the mitigation of TC inhibition by iron-loaded sludge biochar (Fe-BC) were studied by analyzing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), microbial community structure and functional genes. The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal rate of the TC reactor was reduced by 5.86% compared to that of the control group, while that of the TC + Fe-BC reactor improved by 10.19% compared to that of the TC reactor. Adding Fe-BC increased the activity of anammox sludge by promoting the secretion of EPS (including protein, humic acids and c-Cyts). The results of the enzymolysis experiment showed that protein can improve the activity of anammox sludge, while the ability of polysaccharide to improve the activity of anammox was related to the treated enzymes. In addition, Fe-BC alleviated the inhibitory effect of TC by mediating the anammox electron transfer process. Furthermore, Fe-BC increased the absolute abundance of hdh and hzsB by 2.77 and 1.18 times compared to the TC reactor and improved the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia in the absence of TC. The addition of Fe-BC is an effective way to alleviate the inhibitory effect of TC on the anammox process.
厌氧氨氧化（anammox）工艺对环境污染物（如抗生素）敏感。在这项研究中，通过分析胞外聚合物（EPS）、微生物群落结构和功能基因，研究了四环素（TC）对 anammox 反应器性能的有害影响以及负载铁的污泥生物炭（Fe-BC）对 TC 抑制的缓解作用。与对照组相比，TC 反应器的总无机氮（TIN）去除率降低了 5.86%，而 TC+Fe-BC 反应器的 TIN 去除率则比 TC 反应器提高了 10.19%。添加 Fe-BC 通过促进 EPS（包括蛋白质、腐殖酸和 c-Cyts）的分泌，提高了 anammox 污泥的活性。酶解实验结果表明，蛋白质可以提高 anammox 污泥的活性，而多糖提高 anammox 活性的能力与处理的酶有关。此外，Fe-BC 通过调节 anammox 电子传递过程缓解了 TC 的抑制作用。此外，与 TC 反应器相比，Fe-BC 使 hdh 和 hzsB 的绝对丰度分别增加了 2.77 倍和 1.18 倍，并提高了无 TC 时的Candidatus Brocadia相对丰度。添加 Fe-BC 是缓解 TC 对 anammox 过程抑制作用的有效方法。
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