Wu Yanfang, Wang Xiaodong, Zhang Long, Zheng Yongjie, Liu Xinliang, Zhang Yueting
Camphor Engineering Technology Research Center for National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China.
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 May 8;14:1163451. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163451. eCollection 2023.
Drought stress (DS) is a potential abiotic stress that is substantially reducing crop productivity across the globe. Likewise, salinity stress (SS) is another serious abiotic stress that is also a major threat to global crop productivity. The rapid climate change increased the intensity of both stresses which pose a serious threat to global food security; therefore, it is urgently needed to tackle both stresses to ensure better crop production. Globally, different measures are being used to improve crop productivity under stress conditions. Among these measures, biochar (BC) has been widely used to improve soil health and promote crop yield under stress conditions. The application of BC improves soil organic matter, soil structure, soil aggregate stability, water and nutrient holding capacity, and the activity of both beneficial microbes and fungi, which leads to an appreciable increase in tolerance to both damaging and abiotic stresses. BC biochar protects membrane stability, improves water uptake, maintains nutrient homeostasis, and reduces reactive oxygen species production (ROS) through enhanced antioxidant activities, thereby substantially improving tolerance to both stresses. Moreover, BC-mediated improvements in soil properties also substantially improve photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll synthesis, gene expression, the activity of stress-responsive proteins, and maintain the osmolytes and hormonal balance, which in turn improve tolerance against osmotic and ionic stresses. In conclusion, BC could be a promising amendment to bring tolerance against both drought and salinity stresses. Therefore, in the present review, we have discussed various mechanisms through which BC improves drought and salt tolerance. This review will help readers to learn more about the role of biochar in causing drought and salinity stress in plants, and it will also provide new suggestions on how this current knowledge about biochar can be used to develop drought and salinity tolerance.
干旱胁迫（DS）是一种潜在的非生物胁迫，正在全球范围内大幅降低作物产量。同样，盐胁迫（SS）是另一种严重的非生物胁迫，也是对全球作物产量的重大威胁。快速的气候变化加剧了这两种胁迫的强度，对全球粮食安全构成严重威胁；因此，迫切需要应对这两种胁迫以确保更好的作物生产。在全球范围内，人们正在采取不同措施来提高胁迫条件下的作物产量。在这些措施中，生物炭（BC）已被广泛用于改善土壤健康状况并促进胁迫条件下的作物产量。生物炭的施用可改善土壤有机质、土壤结构、土壤团聚体稳定性、水分和养分保持能力，以及有益微生物和真菌的活性，从而显著提高对破坏性胁迫和非生物胁迫的耐受性。生物炭能保护膜稳定性、改善水分吸收、维持养分稳态，并通过增强抗氧化活性减少活性氧（ROS）的产生，从而大幅提高对两种胁迫的耐受性。此外，生物炭介导的土壤性质改善还能显著提高光合活性、叶绿素合成、基因表达、胁迫响应蛋白的活性，并维持渗透物质和激素平衡，进而提高对渗透胁迫和离子胁迫的耐受性。总之，生物炭可能是一种有前景的改良剂，可带来对干旱和盐胁迫的耐受性。因此，在本综述中，我们讨论了生物炭提高耐旱性和耐盐性的各种机制。这篇综述将帮助读者更多地了解生物炭在植物干旱和盐胁迫中的作用，也将为如何利用当前关于生物炭的知识来培育耐旱性和耐盐性提供新的建议。
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