减少成年人的肉类和/或奶制品摄入量：对蛋白质摄入量、人体测量值和身体成分影响的系统评价和荟萃分析。

Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effects on protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition.

机构信息

Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Centre for Nutrition, Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

出版信息

Nutr Rev. 2024 Feb 12;82(3):277-301. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad055.

DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuad055

PMID:37236631

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10859689/

Abstract

CONTEXT

Consumers are increasingly encouraged to reduce meat and dairy consumption. However, few meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition are available.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of reducing meat and/or dairy consumption on (absolute) protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition in adults aged ≥ 45 years.

DATA SOURCES

The MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were searched up to November 24, 2021.

DATA EXTRACTION

Randomized controlled trials reporting protein intake, anthropometric values, and body composition were included.

DATA ANALYSIS

Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as the mean difference (MD) with 95%CI. Heterogeneity was assessed and quantified using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. In total, 19 RCTs with a median duration of 12 weeks (range, 4-24 weeks) and a total enrollment of 1475 participants were included. Participants who consumed meat- and/or dairy-reduced diets had a significantly lower protein intake than those who consumed control diets (9 RCTs; MD, -14 g/d; 95%CI, -20 to -8; I2 = 81%). Reducing meat and/or dairy consumption had no significant effect on body weight (14 RCTs; MD, -1.2 kg; 95%CI, -3 to 0.7; I2 = 12%), body mass index (13 RCTs; MD, -0.3 kg/m2; 95%CI, -1 to 0.4; I2 = 34%), waist circumference (9 RCTs; MD, -0.5 cm; 95%CI, -2.1 to 1.1; I2 = 26%), amount of body fat (8 RCTs; MD, -1.0 kg; 95%CI, -3.0 to 1.0; I2 = 48%), or lean body mass (9 RCTs; MD, -0.4 kg; 95%CI, -1.5 to 0.7; I2 = 0%).

CONCLUSION

Reduction of meat and/or dairy appears to reduce protein intake. There is no evidence of a significant impact on anthropometric values or body composition. More long-term intervention studies with defined amounts of meat and dairy are needed to investigate the long-term effects on nutrient intakes and health outcomes.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020207325.

摘要

背景

消费者越来越被鼓励减少肉类和奶制品的摄入。然而，很少有关于减少肉类和/或奶制品对（绝对）蛋白质摄入、人体测量值和身体成分影响的随机对照试验（RCT）的荟萃分析。

目的

本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估减少成年人（年龄≥45 岁）肉类和/或奶制品摄入对（绝对）蛋白质摄入、人体测量值和身体成分的影响。

数据来源

检索了 MEDLINE、Cochrane 中央、Embase、ClinicalTrials.gov 和国际临床试验注册平台数据库，检索截至 2021 年 11 月 24 日。

数据提取

纳入报告蛋白质摄入、人体测量值和身体成分的随机对照试验。

数据分析

使用随机效应模型汇总数据，并以 95%置信区间表示均值差（MD）。使用 Cochran's Q 和 I2 统计量评估和量化异质性。总共纳入了 19 项 RCT，中位持续时间为 12 周（范围为 4-24 周），总入组 1475 名参与者。与对照组相比，食用减少肉类和/或奶制品的饮食的参与者的蛋白质摄入量明显较低（9 项 RCT；MD，-14 g/d；95%CI，-20 至-8；I2=81%）。减少肉类和/或奶制品的摄入对体重（14 项 RCT；MD，-1.2 kg；95%CI，-3 至 0.7；I2=12%）、体重指数（13 项 RCT；MD，-0.3 kg/m2；95%CI，-1 至 0.4；I2=34%）、腰围（9 项 RCT；MD，-0.5 cm；95%CI，-2.1 至 1.1；I2=26%）、体脂肪量（8 项 RCT；MD，-1.0 kg；95%CI，-3.0 至 1.0；I2=48%）或瘦体重（9 项 RCT；MD，-0.4 kg；95%CI，-1.5 至 0.7；I2=0%）没有显著影响。