Taléns-Visconti Raquel, de Julián-Ortiz Jesus Vicente, Vila-Busó Ofelia, Diez-Sales Octavio, Nácher Amparo
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
Molecular Topology and Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 May 3;15(5):1399. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051399.
Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) treatments face limitations in crossing the blood-brain barrier and systemic adverse effects. Intranasal administration offers a direct route to the brain via the nasal cavity's olfactory and trigeminal pathways. However, nasal physiology can hinder drug absorption and limit bioavailability. Therefore, the physicochemical characteristics of formulations must be optimized by means of technological strategies. Among the strategies that have been explored, lipid-based nanosystems, particularly nanostructured lipid carriers, are promising in preclinical investigations with minimal toxicity and therapeutic efficacy due to their ability to overcome challenges associated with other nanocarriers. We review the studies of nanostructured lipid carriers for intranasal administration in the treatment of ATD. Currently, no drugs for intranasal administration in ATD have marketing approval, with only three candidates, insulin, rivastigmine and APH-1105, being clinically investigated. Further studies with different candidates will eventually confirm the potential of the intranasal route of administration in the treatment of ATD.
阿尔茨海默病型痴呆（ATD）的治疗在穿越血脑屏障和产生全身不良反应方面存在局限性。鼻内给药通过鼻腔的嗅觉和三叉神经通路提供了一条直达大脑的途径。然而，鼻腔生理结构会阻碍药物吸收并限制生物利用度。因此，必须通过技术策略优化制剂的物理化学特性。在已探索的策略中，基于脂质的纳米系统，特别是纳米结构脂质载体，因其能够克服与其他纳米载体相关的挑战，在临床前研究中显示出低毒性和治疗效果，具有很大潜力。我们综述了用于鼻内给药治疗ATD的纳米结构脂质载体的研究。目前，尚无用于ATD鼻内给药的药物获得上市批准，仅有胰岛素、卡巴拉汀和APH - 1105这三种候选药物正在进行临床研究。对不同候选药物的进一步研究最终将证实鼻内给药途径在治疗ATD方面的潜力。
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