Regulation of cleavage embryo genes upon DRP1 inhibition in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Dynamic-related protein 1 (DRP1) is a key protein of mitochondrial fission. In this study, we found that inhibition of activity of DRP1 led to increased levels of cleavage embryo genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), which might reflect a transient totipotency status derived from pluripotency. This result indicates that DRP1 inhibition in mESCs leads to a tendency to obtain a new expression profile similar to that of the 2C-like state. Meanwhile, we also noticed that the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and its related enzymes were significantly downregulated, and the key glycolytic enzymes were also downregulated in various 2C-like cells. Moreover, when DRP1 activity was inhibited from the late zygote when cleavage embryo genes started to express, development of early embryos was inhibited, and these cleavage embryo genes failed to be efficiently silenced at the late 2-cell (2C) stage. Taken together, our result shows that DRP1 plays an important role in silencing cleavage embryo genes for totipotency-to-pluripotency transition.