School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
Cogn Process. 2023 Nov;24(4):463-469. doi: 10.1007/s10339-023-01141-5. Epub 2023 May 31.
The repetition priming effect generally refers to facilitated responding in instances where the same stimulus or a very similar stimulus repeats after an initial occurrence. Prior studies showed that the repetition priming effect was greater when repetitive stimuli appeared at expected times than when they appeared at less expected times. However, in addition to the expectation for repetition, the expectation for nonrepetitive stimuli may also arise in a sequence, especially after repetitive stimuli continuously appeared several times. This study was designed to further reveal how these two kinds of expectations influence the repetition effect in a sequence. Participants were asked to solve 3, 4 or 5 repetitive tasks followed by a novel task in the experimental group, a situation where the expectations for repetitive events arise in the first three serial positions but that for nonrepetitive events arise in the fourth, fifth and sixth serial positions, or were asked to continuously solve 3-5 repetitive tasks in the control group, a situation where only the expectation for repetitive events appears. The results showed that the repetition effect appeared steadily in the whole sequence for the control group, whereas the repetition effect appeared in the early serial positions but was reduced in the later serial position for the experimental group. The findings revealed the dual influences of temporal expectations on repetition effects in a sequence.
重复启动效应通常是指在初始刺激之后出现相同或非常相似的刺激时，反应会变得更加容易。先前的研究表明，当重复刺激出现在预期时间时，其重复启动效应大于当它们出现在不太预期的时间时。然而，除了对重复的期望之外，对非重复刺激的期望也可能在序列中出现，尤其是在重复刺激连续出现几次之后。本研究旨在进一步揭示这两种期望如何影响序列中的重复效应。实验组要求参与者在解决 3、4 或 5 个重复任务后，再解决一个新任务，在前三个序列位置会出现对重复事件的期望，而在第四个、第五个和第六个序列位置会出现对非重复事件的期望，或者要求他们在控制组中连续解决 3-5 个重复任务，在这种情况下只会出现对重复事件的期望。结果表明，控制组的重复效应在整个序列中稳定出现，而实验组的重复效应出现在早期序列位置，但在后期序列位置减少。这些发现揭示了时间期望对序列中重复效应的双重影响。
